Cloth factory Pastor / Neuwerk
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The cloth factory Pastor / Neuwerk was one of the large companies in the neighboring town of Burtscheid, which was not yet incorporated into Aachen when it was founded . It was set up by Gottfried Pastor in the Frankenberg district in 1856 and taken over by the cloth manufacturers Julius Katz and Julius Langstadt in 1909 and later continued as the “Neuwerk Cloth Factory”. In 1938, as part of the aryanization measures, the transfer of the factory was forced, which then remained in operation, despite considerable destruction in the Second World War, until it was finally closed in 1960.
Some of the original factory buildings have been restored, refurbished and converted into a residential and commercial complex and are listed as historical monuments . The cloth factory Pastor / Neuwerk is part of the cross-border initiative Wollroute .
history
prehistory
As early as the 14th century, a mill was mentioned on the site of what would later become the "Pastor / Neuwerk cloth factory", which was referred to as a paper mill from 1581 onwards and to which a second paper mill was later built. These two mills were named Obere and Lower Paper Mills and were supplied by Beverbach .
The Obere Papiermühle was taken over by Gotthard Pastor (1722–1783) in 1760 and transferred years later to his grandsons Friedrich (1785–1815) and Heinrich (* 1784), who themselves had no descendants. It was initially used as a fulling mill and under Heinrich, after the death of his brother Friedrich, as a spinning mill from 1816. This later passed to Arthur and Dietrich Wilhelm Bölling in 1908 and operated as “Bölling & Pastor” until it was closed in 1949.
From 1737 the lower paper mill was owned by the bakers' guild, which used it as a grinding mill. Only the cloth merchant Caspar Braaf (1776–1846), who had acquired the mill in 1800, also set up a spinning mill there, but in 1828 it went bankrupt. Johann Arnold Bischoff , who had moved to Aachen a few years earlier , then leased the facility together with his partner Engelbert Schwamborn and set up the “Schwamborn & Bischoff” cloth factory there. Since the business partners separated and Bischoff had his main activity in Aachen, Gottfried Pastor acquired the Untere Mühle in 1856.
Cloth factory pastor
After acquiring it, Gottfried Pastor first had the old Untere Mühle demolished and built a new, contemporary three-storey, four-axle factory building, which in 1858 was equipped with a 14-hp steam engine. In 1863 the factory building was raised by one floor and extended at a right angle with a generous extension and at the corner of this building with a stair tower. In the same period, a new 40 HP steam engine and a two-flame tube boiler were purchased, whereby the chimney built in 1856 could still be used. At the end of the renovations, the porter's house with an apartment for the porter followed in the east of the facility.
Pastor's factory was divided into carded yarn spinning , wool washing, dyeing and yarn washing and specialized in the production of very fine and mottled yarns. Around 300 workers, mostly women, produced half for the German market, the rest went to European exports. The order situation was so good during this period that the cloth factory “Fa. Friedrich van Zütphen ”with another factory complex and was able to produce until 1953.
Gottfried Pastor brought his sons Emil (1843–1909), Julius (1845–1885) and Robert Pastor (* 1851) into the management of his factory in the 1870s. However, since the Pastor family did not have any suitable descendants after the turn of the millennium, the family's heirs sold the company to the “Katz & Langstadt” cloth factory in 1908.
Cloth factory Neuwerk
The Jewish factory owners Julius Katz and Julius Langstadt had been running their cloth factory on Bismarckstrasse since 1887, where they could not expand for spatial reasons. After moving to the pastor factory, they initially kept the company name and continued to expand the factory. Among other things, in 1912, despite protests from neighboring residents, they built a large shed roof hall for their mechanical weaving mill and restructured their company into a full cloth factory. After the First World War , the Jew Ernst Jacobsberg became the new managing director and renamed the company to “Tuchfabrik Neuwerk”. In the course of the emerging wave of Aryanization, Jacobsberg was forced in 1938 to hand over the company and the building complex to his son-in-law W. Erasmus Schlapp, who later co-initiated the Aachen Charlemagne Prize , whereupon the company was renamed "Tuchfabrik Neuwerk WE Schlapp & Co."
The building complex was badly damaged during World War II and then rebuilt by the owners. A few years later, the company "Weigelt & Co" took over the plant, which, however, had to finally stop production in 1960, mainly due to competition from low-wage countries. Then the master tailor Peter Josef Zimmermann acquired a large part of the complex, in which men's underwear and children's fashion until 2006 and, from 1974, the women's collection "JOSEPh JANARD" were manufactured.
In 1983/1984 the buildings were completely renovated for the first time and were also listed as a historical monument. Another major renovation to a purely residential and office complex took place between 2008 and 2012 after the Zimmermann tailor shop closed.
building
The former factory buildings of the “Bölling & Pastor” and “Fa. Friedrich van Zütphen “no longer exist and the shed roof halls and the first main building from 1856 as well as the dye works were torn down by the cloth factory Pastor / Neuwerk. Only the extension building from 1863 and the stair tower built at right angles to the former main house, the boiler house with the chimney from 1856, the former laundry and later locksmith's shop from 1865 as well as the porter's apartment from 1867 and the porter's house from 1920 have been preserved and placed under monument protection. Of the once two workshops, only the eastern one with today's main entrance still exists. It is bounded by the main building, the porter's apartment with the porter's lodge and the gate passage, as well as a border wall on the north side, which was previously an outer wall of the demolished shed roof hall. The design of the outdoor facilities and the courtyard paving goes back to the renovation in 1983/84.
The now stand-alone extension is a three-storey, thirteen-axis brick building , with originally smaller corner turrets at the corners. A two-storey extension with four to four axes belonged to this building, which was increased by one storey after the Second World War, adapted to the level of the main building and provided with rectangular windows. The entire complex itself is provided with arched windows, the sills of which are made of bluestone . The small lattice windows with their cast iron frames were installed as part of the renovation in 1983/1984. The previously wooden ceilings, whose plate anchors were still visible in the facade until the renovation, were replaced by concrete ceilings.
The stair tower, which formerly stood in the corner between the factory buildings, now has a more dominant effect than before thanks to its position on the east side after the older main building has been removed. It consists of four floors and a crenellated attic with small corner turrets. The free sides have arched windows, whereas the formerly attached sides are completely walled up.
The porter's apartment, built in 1867, is a two-storey brick building with two to six axes and equipped with arched windows. The top floor has been extended and also has arched windows on the narrow sides and a one-sided hipped roof. The single-storey porter's lodge was added to this block of flats in 1920, with a simple arched window on the gate side.
literature
- Wilfried Jocham: Restoration of a textile factory from the middle of the 19th century , in: Denkmalpflege im Rheinland , Volume 2, 1985, S. 36/37
- Hermann Friedrich Macco : History and geneaology of the Pastor family (= contributions to the geneaology of Rhenish noble and patrician families, Volume IV), Aachen 1905, pp. 116–119
Web links
- Walter Buschmann: Cloth factory pastor , on Rhenish industrial culture
- Cloth factory Pastor on albert-gieseler.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Silke Fengler: "Aryanizations" in the Aachen textile industry (1933–1942) , p. 160
- ↑ Joachim Rubner: From for Aachener clothing line Joseph Janard , in: Aachener Nachrichten of September 20, 2006
Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′ 21.8 " N , 6 ° 6 ′ 6.3" E