Tuyuhun
The Tuyuhun ( Chinese 吐谷渾 / 吐谷浑 , Pinyin Tǔyùhùn ) were a nomadic people in East Asia. They flourished from the 4th to the 7th centuries in an area in what is now the Gansu and Qinghai provinces of the People's Republic of China .
It is believed that the Tuyuhun were a people that arose from the Xianbei (Xiānbēi 鮮卑) and Tibetan Burman peoples; it probably had a social structure in which ethnicity and social rank corresponded - the upper class probably descended from the Xiongnu . The Tuyuhun spoke a mostly old Mongolian language.
Their empire was also called Hénánguó河南 國in Chinese and A-zha in Tibetan . From 634 to 669 the Eastern Turks and the Tiele formed an alliance with the Tang Dynasty against the Tuyuhun, Gaochang , Kucha and other Central Asian states. In the 9th century, the Tuyuhun were subjugated by the Kitan .
The Tibetan-Burmese Tanguts were, like their descendants, today's Qiang , part of the Tabgatsch and Tuyuhun.