Type 81 Tan-SAM

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Starter with four guided missiles

The Type 81 Tan-SAM ( Japanese 81 式 短 距離 地 対 空 誘導 弾 , 81-shiki tankyori chitaikū yūdōdan , German "Type 81 short-range surface-to-air missile ") is an anti-aircraft missile system in service of the Japanese ground self-defense forces (JGSDF).

history

Console to control the reloading process

The system was developed by Toshiba from 1966 as a replacement for the M51 Skysweeper and the 37 mm anti-aircraft guns M1. It was supposed to close the capability gap between the FIM-92 Stinger and the larger MIM-23 HAWK , which were used in Japan at the time. The first test starts took place in 1978, the contracts were signed in 1980. Since it entered service in 1981, it is referred to as Type 81, then SAM-1.

Small improvements were made in 1987 and the system was named SAM-1B. From 1989 onwards a further improvement was worked on, which was finally called SAM-1C (or also Tan-SAM kai) and was put into service from 1996. After 2005 a further increase in combat value Tan-SAM kai II should have started.

At the moment (2009) 57 fire units are in service with the JGSDF, 30 with the JASDF and 6 with the JMSDF . Around 1,800 guided missiles were made.

technology

Truck with fire control radar
Optical target allocator
Fireproof starter
Guided missiles of the C version, left infrared, right radar

overview

A firing position consists of a truck with the Fire Control System , two starter trucks and a number of supply trucks with a total passenger strength of 15. The trucks are 6 × 6 vehicles from Isuzu , if necessary they can be equipped with Sumitomo M2 machine guns for self-defense become. The system can be made ready for use in 30 minutes, the reloading time for a thrower is less than three minutes, and the process is semi-automatic.

Fire control

The fire control system vehicle is equipped with a 30 kW generator behind the driver's cab and a rectangular 3D pulse Doppler - phased array - radar , which also has IFF capabilities. The radar is panned both electronically and mechanically. It can track up to six targets simultaneously within the 110 ° search range. In the activated mode, two targets can be pursued at the same time, the hit probability is shown to the shooter on the CRT display . The radar range is about 30 km, from the SAM-1C version two targets can be attacked at the same time.

An optical targeting device is also available for use in the event of strong electromagnetic interference or if the radar cannot be used.

Starter vehicles

The information about the activated targets is passed on to the starter trucks, which then direct their launchers towards the targets. The launch vehicles can be up to 300 meters away from the FCS and are each equipped with four guided weapons. When the shooter in the FCS vehicle gives the start order, an interception course is programmed into the missile and the missile is fired. The guided missile then flies to the interception point with its inertial navigation system and activates its viewfinder there. The viewfinder works in the infrared range, searches for the target and switches it on. The rocket will now steer itself to the target.

Guided missiles

SAM-1B:

  • Weight: 100 kg
  • Length: 2.70 m
  • Diameter: 160 mm
  • Span: 600 mm
  • Warhead: 9.2 kg fragmentation warhead
  • Ignition: contact and radar proximity ignition
  • Engine: solid fuel rocket from Nissan
  • Range: up to 10 km
  • Flight altitude: up to 3,000 m
  • Speed: Mach 2.4
  • Destination search: INS + infrared

The original infrared finder did not use filters or image processing so it could be easily fooled by flares . The SAM-1C upgrade uses guided missiles with a new active phased array radar seeker, which are also supplied with orbit data of the target via a data link from the FCS during the flight. The infrared guided missiles have also been modernized. The fire control truck was also equipped with a thermal imaging device.

SAM-1C:

  • Weight: 105 kg
  • Length: 2.70 m (IR) / 2.85 m (RF)
  • Diameter: 160 mm
  • Span: 600 mm
  • Warhead: 9.2 kg fragmentation warhead
  • Ignition: contact and radar / laser proximity ignition
  • Engine: low-smoke solid fuel engine from Nissan
  • Range: up to 14 km
  • Altitude: N / A
  • Speed: Mach 2.4 (boost phase ~ 5.5 seconds)
  • Target search: INS + data updates + infrared / radar

See also

Web links and sources

Commons : JSDF Type 81 (SAM)  - collection of images, videos and audio files