UIC passenger car types
As UIC types X, Y and Z are coaches designated by the International Union of Railways ( International Union des chemins de fer , just UIC ) were normalized for international travel in certain characteristics.
In 1961, types X and Y were specified in leaflet 567, type Z was added later. With the standardization, travelers in international traffic should be offered a uniform level of comfort, and maintenance abroad should be simplified through standardization. The standard specified was the use of rubber beads as car transitions instead of bellows .
UIC type X
The UIC Type X builds on the features of the Second World War by the German Railways (DB) developed Schnellzugwagen on. These cars are 26.4 m long and have entrances at the end of the car as well as side aisle compartments, namely:
- ten compartments with 6 seats in 1st class ,
- twelve compartments with 6 places in 2nd class,
- Mixed-class cars usually have 6 compartments, 2nd class and 5 compartments, 1st class.
UIC-X wagons were mainly procured by the DB (so-called " m wagons ") and the Italian FS in four-digit numbers. There were smaller series at the Belgian SNCB (types I4 and I5), the Swiss SBB (see UIC-X and Z2 wagons of the SBB ), the Austrian ÖBB (licensed buildings of the Swiss types), the Spanish RENFE (series 8000) and the Yugoslav JZ. Other tracks; especially the Greek OSE later bought used cars from Germany or Italy.
UIC type Y
The UIC type Y is based on the French ideas for an express train carriage for international traffic. The main differences to type X are its shorter length and the larger number of seats in the second-class compartments. These vehicles are 24.5 m long, the entrances are also at the end of the vehicle and side aisle compartments are standard:
- 9 compartments with 6 seats in 1st class,
- 10 compartments with 8 seats in 2nd class.
In addition, mixed-class coaches, couchette coaches, coaches with luggage compartments and dining coaches based on the same concept were built on many railways.
In addition to the French SNCF, such wagons were built in huge numbers in Eastern Europe (in the lead by the Deutsche Reichsbahn ), where they are still in use today (partly heavily rebuilt). Outside the COMECON , these cars were also exported to Greece. There were smaller series of in-house developments at the Danish DSB, the Italian FS (which swung quickly and in large numbers to UIC-X), the Yugoslav JZ (only a small series UIC-X followed later) and the Polish PKP (in addition to those bought in the GDR Dare).
UIC type Z
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With the development of the Eurofima trolleys , a new standard of comfort was achieved. The number of compartments was reduced by one while the car length was the same, the cars were also air-conditioned and painted largely uniformly in the orange-light-gray Eurofima C1 paint scheme. These cars were designated as Type Z from 1976. However, since various railways wanted to continue to procure non-air-conditioned wagons or had already reduced the number of compartments compared to type X - the SBB in all procurements since 1969 - the distinction between Z1 and Z2 was finally created:
- Z1 = air-conditioned wagons with a reduced number of compartments
- Z2 = non-air-conditioned wagons with a reduced number of compartments
in fact
- nine compartments with six seats in 1st class,
- eleven compartments for six in 2nd class,
- Mixed-class cars usually have six 2nd class compartments and four 1st class compartments.
With the Eurofima trolleys, the transition from the rotating folding doors characteristic of types X and Y to pneumatically operated pivoting sliding doors was completed.
Many wagons of this type were put into service by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) in order to quickly retire the old wagons from the interwar period. These mostly do not come from the original joint series, but are license replicas of the Simmering-Graz-Pauker , which differ in details from the original ones (partly folding doors , modified aprons). Later on, the SGP acquired the Z1 type (pressure-ready), which can be clearly distinguished with a modified apron, push-button operated doors and the taillights positioned at the corners.
literature
- Alain Rambaud, Jean-Marc Dupuy: Encyclopédie des voitures SNCF . La vie du rail, Paris 1990. ISBN 2-902808-31-3
- Walter Trüb: The passenger cars of the SBB (standard gauge) 1902–1970, with addendum 1971–1977. Extended separate print from Eisenbahn-Amateur No. 2/1968 to No. 2/1970, Eisenbahn-Amateur 1977