Uesugi (clan)
The Uesugi ( Japanese 上杉 氏 , Uesugi-shi ) were a family of the Japanese sword nobility ( Buke ), which was derived from Fujiwara no Yoshikado ( 藤原 良 門 ). The then very branched family had its greatest significance in the Sengoku period .
Early history
- Shigefusa, descendant of Yoshikado in the 13th generation, received the Uesugi domain in the Tango province in the 13th century and adopted this name. He had a daughter who married Ashikaga Yoriuji, the great-grandfather of the shogun Ashikaga Takauji . The descendants of Shigefusa formed the three Uesugi branches,
- the Inukake ( 犬 懸 ) -Uesugi, extinct around 1456,
- the Ōgigayatsu ( 扇 谷 ) -Uesugi died out around 1543 and
- the Yamanouchi ( 山 内 ) -Uesugi, who could continue their lineage to the present day.
From the Ōgigayatsu line, Ōgigayatsu Sadamasa ( 定 正 ; 1443–1493) is known for the murder of Ōta Dōkan , the lord of the castle of Edo .
The following shows the Yamanouchi line.
Sengoku time
- Noriaki ( 憲 顯 ; 1306–1368)
- Yoshinori ( 能 憲 ; † 1368), son of Norikai
- Noriharu ( 憲 春 ; † 1379), son of Norikai
- Norikata ( 憲 方 ; 1335–1394), son of Norikai
- Norimoto ( 憲 基 ; 1383–1418), grandson of Noriaki
- Norizane ( 憲 実 ; † 1455), was appointed Shitsuji or Kanryō (governor) and Awa no Kami in 1419. He was able to secure the successor to Norimoto. Norizane is known as a scholar and great patron of the Ashikaga school .
- Fusaaki ( 房 顯 ; 1432–1466)
- Akisada ( 顯 定 ; 1454–1510), son of Fusasada from the branch line,
- Norifusa ( 憲 房 ; 1466-1524), adopted son of Akisada, strengthened the castle of Hirai ( 平井 ) in the province of Kōzuke .
Norimasa ( 憲政 )
Norimasa (1522-1579), the son of Norifusa, continued the war against the Hōjō of Odawara. In 1537 he united his forces with those of Ōgigayatsu Tomosada. But Hōjō Ujiyasu was victorious and occupied Kawagoe Castle . Tomosada fell and Norimasa fled to Hirai. He fought on, but lost the entire Kantō level to the Hōjō. Norimasa then also lost Hirai to Ujiyasu, fled to Echigo , where he placed himself under the protection of his vassal Nagao Kagetora ( 長尾 景虎 ) in 1551 . For this he had to adopt Nagao, who, later known as Teratora or Kenshin, got the name Uesugi.
Terutora ( 輝 虎 ) or Kenshin ( 謙信 )
Teratora (1530–1578), the son of Nagao Tamekage adopted by Norimasa, initially bore the name Kagetora ( 景虎 ). As a teenager, Kagetora had been a monk by the name of Shūshimbō for a time. Soon after Norimasa adopted him, he shaved his head and chose the name Kenshin, by which he is best known today. Kagetora is best known for his military conflicts with Takeda Shingen . In 1558 he declared war on the Hōjō and captured the castles of Numata and Umabayashi in the province of Kōzuke . Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiteru appointed him Kantō-Kanryō and allowed him to take a sign of his name and to call himself Terutora ( 輝 虎 ) instead of Kagetora . Terutora continued to be successful against the Hōjō until the Shogun forced him to make peace with the Hōjō and to adopt Saburō, the son of Hōjō Ujiyasu. This was named Kagetora. Kenshin continued to be involved in wars with the Takeda until Oda Nobunaga invaded Kanto. He tried to form an alliance against Nobunaga, fell ill and died at the age of 48. The designated successor Kagetora was defeated in the fight against the rival Uesugi Kagekatsu, who could thus take over the inheritance.
Edo period
Kagekatsu ( 景 勝 )
Kagekatsu (1555-1623), son of Nagao Masakage, who had emerged victorious from the dispute over the succession of Kenshin, restored order in his provinces, conquered Etchu and Kaga back, served Oda Nobunaga and then Toyotomi Hideyoshi , who served him one of the five Tairō determined to look after his underage son. In early 1598, Kagekatsu exchanged Echigo for Aizu with an income of 1,200,000 koku . After Hideyoshi's death there were disputes among the Tairō, Kagakatsu remained waiting, and after the Battle of Sekigahara he received the domain Yonezawa with 300,000 koku for Aizu as Tozama daimyō in 1601 . At the siege of Osaka in 1615 he had to take part with the troops on the side of Ieyasu.
- Sadakatsu ( 定 勝 , 1603–1645), son of Kagekatsu, succeeded him. He turned out to be a good administrator.
- Tsunakatsu ( 綱 勝 , † 1664), son of Sadakatsu, had no children and adopted Tsunayori, son of Kira Yoshinaka .
- Tsunanori, ( 綱 憲 , 1663–1704), adopted son of the Tsunakatsu, had to accept a halving of the income to 150,000 koku.
- Yoshinori ( 吉 憲 , 1684–1722) in office: 1703–1722.
- Munenori ( 宗憲 , 1714–1734) in office: 1722–1734.
- Munefusa ( 宗 房 , 1718–1746), adopted son, in office: 1734–1746.
- Shigesada ( 重 定 , 1720–1789), adopted son, in office: 1746–1767.
- Harunori ( 治 憲 , 1751-1822), adoptive son of the Shigesada, took over the office in 1767, but then left the administration of the Han to his adoptive son in 1785, called himself "Habichtsberg" ( 鷹山 , Yōsan ) and devoted his time to literature. He set up a Han school called Kōjōkan.
- Haruhiro ( 治 広 , 1764–1822), adopted son, in office: 1785–1812.
- Narisada ( 斉 定 , 1788–1839), adopted son, in office: 1812–1839.
- Narinori ( 斉 憲 , 1820–1889), in office: 1839–1869.
- Mochinori ( 茂 憲 , 1844–1919), in office: 1869–1871.
After the Meiji restoration , the head of the house received the title of count. A side branch that was derived from Tsunanori and had an income of 10,000 koku became vice count. The family tomb in Yonezawa contains the successive graves of twelve Uesugi of the Edo period. The remains of the castle are now in a park with the preserved moat and the castle wall.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Furusawa, Tsunetoshi: Kamon daichō . Kin'ensha, n.d., ISBN 4-321-31720-7 , p. 197.
- ↑ Excerpt from the map of the district "Soto-Sakurada" from approx. 1850.
Remarks
literature
- Papinot, Edmond: Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan. Reprinted by Tuttle, 1972 edition of 1910 edition. ISBN 0-8048-0996-8 .