Han school

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Okayama: Hanabatakekyōjō (ca.1926)
Hagi: Grounds of the Meirinkan
Mito: Kōdōkan, main hall

Han schools ( Japanese 藩 校 / 藩 黌 , Hankō , 藩 学 , Hangaku or 藩 学校 , Hangakkō ; German also daimyat school) were the schools of the Japanese fiefdom ( Han ) in the Edo period , which were attended by the samurai until middle age were.

Overview

When the civil war came to an end with the Edo period, the (higher) samurai used their free time to educate themselves. Little by little, schools emerged in many of the 260 Han that existed until the Meiji Restoration . All schools had a name referring to their educational function, which usually ended in -kan ( , for example “institute”) or -jo ( , for example “place”).

The schools had a military branch with horse riding, fencing, archery and a civil branch with the study of Neo-Confucianism, the Chinese classics, with mathematics and natural sciences, especially biology and astronomy. Mathematics was especially cultivated as Wasan .

The Shogunate itself had a school originally founded by Hayashi Razan , which they named Shōheisaka Gakumonjo ( 昌平 坂 学問 所 ), d. H. "School on Shōhei-Hangweg", continued. (See also Yushima Seidō .)

The Han schools were supplemented by private teaching institutions ( , juku ), especially in the field of medicine.

These educational institutions were the basis for the fact that Japan in the 19th century already had a diverse, well-trained elite, which then quickly caught up with Western science while studying in Europe and the USA.

Well-known Han schools
year Seat school Japanese Daimyo family Koku
1636 Morioka Sakujinkan 作人 館 Nambu 200,000
1641 Okayama Hanabatakekyōjō 花 畠 教 場 Ikeda 315,000
1719 Hagi Meirinkan 明倫 館 Mōri 369,000
1736 Sendai Yokendo 養 賢 堂 Date 620,000
1754 Kumamoto Jishūkan 時 修 館 Hosokawa 540,000
1760 Kochi Chijukan 致 授 館 Yamanouchi 242,000
1773 Kagoshima Zoshikan 造 士 館 Shimazu 778,000
1775 Izushi Gakumonjo 学問 所 Sengoku 58,000
1776 Yonezawa Kōjōkan 興 讓 館 Uesugi 180,000
1781 saga Kōdōkan 弘道 館 Nabeshima 357,000
1782 Hiroshima Shūdōkan 修道 館 Asano 426,000
1783 Nagoya Meirinkan 明倫 館 Tokugawa 620,000
1786 Hitoyoshi Shūkyōkan 習 教 館 Sagara 22,000
1786 Fukuyama Seishikan 誠 之 館 Abe 110,000
1789 Akita Meitokukan 明 徳 館 Satake 205,000
1791 Wakayama Gakushūkan 学習 館 Tokugawa 555,000
1792 Kanazawa Meirinkan 明倫 館 Maeda 1,027,000
1799 Fukuoka Shukenkan 修 猷 館 Kuroda 520,000
1799 Wakamatsu Nisshinkan 日新 館 Matsudaira 555,000
1799 Hikone Kōdōkan 弘道 館 Ii 240,000
1805 Tsuruoka Chidōkan 至道 館 Sakai 138,000
1838 Mito Kōdōkan 弘道 館 Tokugawa 350,000
1856 Tokushima Nagakukan 長久 館 Hachisuka 258,000
1857 Ōita Yūenkan 遊 焉 館 Matsudaira 22,000

Individual evidence

  1. Yanagimachi Takanao: Edojidai-kan. Shogakukan, 2002. ISBN 4-09-623021-9 .
  2. ^ E. Papinot: Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan. Reprinted by Tuttle, 1972 edition of 1910 edition. ISBN 0-8048-0996-8 .