Sakai (clan)

Family crest Himeji-Sakai:
Himeji swords and wood sorrel
( 姫 路 剣 片 喰 )

Family coat of arms Tsuruoka-Sakai: Shōnai wood sorrel
( 丸 に 庄内 片 喰 )

Tadazumi in Berlin

The Sakai brothers Tadazumi (right) and Tadamichi (back) in Berlin

The Sakai ( Japanese 酒井 氏 , Sakai-shi ) were a family of the Japanese sword nobility ( Buke ), which were derived from Minamoto no Arichika ( Seiwa Genji ). Arichika had two sons, one of whom, Yasuchika ( 奏 親 ), took the name "Matsudaira" and the other, Chikauji ( 親 氏 ), took the name "Sakai". Hirochika ( 広 親 ), the son of Chikauji, had two sons, who founded the two main branches of this family. With the fiefs of Himeji , Tsuruoka and Obama , each with over 100,000 Koku , the Sakai are among the larger Fudai daimyō of the Edo period .

The six lines

• Ujitada ( 氏} 忠 ) line
  • Ietsugu ( 家 次 , 1564-1619) followed his father Tadatsugu in 1578 and took over the Yoshida Castle ( Mikawa ). When Tokugawa Ieyasu took over the Kantō area in 1590, he provided Ietsugu with an income of 30,000 Koku in Usui ( Kōzuke ). In 1604 he moved to Takasaki (Kōzuke) with an income of 50,000 Koku, in 1616 to Takada ( Echigo ), 100,000 Koku. After a change in 1619 to Matsushiro (1619), Ietsugu took over the fiefdom of Tsuruoka ( Dewa ), also called "Shōnai" ( 庄内 ), where his descendants with an income of 120,000 Koku worked as daimyo until the Meiji Restoration . After the Meiji Restoration, the head of this line carried the title Graf until 1945 .
    • Sakai Tadaaki ( 忠 発 ; 1812-1876) was one of the last daimyo on the Tokugawa side in northern Japan to bow to the new Meiji government, but his son Tadazumi ( 忠 篤 ; 1853-1915) was from Saigō Takamori fascinated and took up military training under him. In 1872 Tadazumi was sent to Berlin for further training and stayed there for seven years. A year later, his brother Tadamichi ( 忠 –; 1856–1921) followed, who also stayed there for seven years. 
  • One branch resided in Matsuyama (Dewa) with an income of 20,000 koku. Vice Count.
• Ietada ( 家 忠 ) line
  • Shigetada ( 重 忠 ; 1564-1619) received 1590 Kawagoe ( Musashi ) with 15,000 Koku, then in 1601 Umayabashi (Kōzuke) with 35,000 Koku. During the Osaka campaign , he took over the guard at Edo Castle . Tadakiyo ( 忠 清 , 1626–1681) took over the leadership of the shogunate during Tokugawa Ietsuna's illness , where he excelled in administration. His descendants were transferred to Himeji ( Harima ) in 1749 with an income of 150,000 koku. The Sakai resided there until the Meiji Restoration. The last daimyo was Tadakuni ( 忠 邦 ; 1854–1878). After 1868 Count.
  • A branch line of this line, beginning with Tadahiro , resided from 1681 to the Meiji Restoration in Isesaki (Kōzuke) with 20.00 Koku. Vice Count.
  • Tadatoshi ( 忠 利 , 1562-1627) received 1601 Tanaka ( Suruga ) with 10,000 koku. He then moved to Kawagoe with 30,000 Koku.
    • Tadakatsu ( 忠 勝 ; 1587–1662), son of Tadatoshi, was transferred to Obama ( Wakasa ) in 1634 , where the descendants resided with an income of 103,000 Koku until the Meiji Restoration. Then Graf.
  • A branch line resided in Tsuruga ( Echizen ) with 10,000 koku. Vice Count.

Remarks

1. ↑ Prince Kitashirakawa (1847–1895), sitting in the middle behind the table in the photo, was temporarily the focus of the Japanese in Berlin.
2. ↑ The castle is called Tsurugaoka-jō ( 鶴 ヶ 岡 城 ).
3. ↑ The important painter of the Rimpa school , Sakai Hōitsu , comes from this line.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} T. Furusawa: Kamon daicho . Kin'ensha, n.d. ISBN 4-321-31720-7 , p. 64.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Kayukaikan (Ed.): Kaigai ni okeru Kuge Daimyo Ten. Tokyo 1980

literature

• Edmond Papinot: Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan. Reprint of the original 1910 edition by Tuttle, 1972, ISBN 0-8048-0996-8 .

Web links

Commons : Sakai  - collection of images, videos and audio files