Ulucak Höyük

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The Ulucak Höyük is an archaeological site ( settlement mound ) near Izmir on the highway to Ankara near the village of Ulucak, 7 km northwest of Kemalpaşa . It is 221 m high.

settlement

The settlement remains measure 140 by 120 m and have a thickness of 11 m, of which 5 m are below the surface today. The place was inhabited in a total of five settlement phases, ranging from the Neolithic to the Byzantine period . The settlement started around 6,400 and became around 5,600 BC. BC, in its second phase, destroyed by fire. Several buildings were found from this phase, the inventory of which remained in situ due to the disaster . They are up to 6 m long and 3 to 6 m wide. They are differentiated into two rooms and could be extended by extensions. Most of these buildings were vacant; but they could also be built together. Stoves and fireplaces were found both inside and outside the buildings. The architecture was based on post structures with walls made of clay wickerwork , rammed earth , and adobe . The adobe bricks have a uniform size of 55 × 5 × 8 cm. Some of the buildings had stone foundations, some were erected without a foundation. The walls were plastered with clay and partly painted. The buildings that existed at the time of the fire disaster were all made of clay wattle and without foundations. Otherwise this phase is similar to the previous one, but a different ceramic was used.

chronology

layer Dating (BC cal) Number of samples Synchronization
IV 6030-5660 3 (charcoal and charred fruit) Earliest settlement of Catal Höyük West
V, late (a – c) 6590-5885 11 (charcoal, charred fruit and sea shells)
V, early (d – f) 6660-6030 10 (charcoal)
VI (a – b) 7040-6470 7 (charcoal and bone) End of the ceramic layers of Catal Höyük Ost

After Çakirlar 2012.

economy

Charred remains of einkorn (Triticum monococcum), six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare), lentils (Lens culinaris) and peas (Pisum sativum) were found in the lowest settlement layer. The identified bones of domesticated animals from the Neolithic layers are dominated by cattle (44.2% by weight), followed by sheep and goats (37.6%), pigs follow in third place (17.7%), the proportion of domestic dogs is low (0.5%). A clear chronological development cannot be determined. Most pigs were slaughtered before they were adults.

literature

  • Altan Çilingiroğlu, Zafer Derin, Eşref Abay, Haluk Sağlamtimur, Ilhan Kayan, Ulucak Höyük. Excavations conducted between 1995 and 2002. Peeters, Louvain 2004. ISBN 90-429-1391-6
  • Altan Çilingiroğlu, in Clemens Lichter (ed.), 12,000 years ago in Anatolia: The oldest monuments of mankind . Exhibition catalog Karlsruhe, Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-2072-8 , p. 161.
  • Çiler Çilingiroğlu, The Neolithic Pottery of Ulucak in Aegean Turkey. Organization of production, interregional comparisons and relative chronology . Oxford, BAR Int. Series 2426, 2012.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Canan Çakirlar, The evolution of animal husbandry in Neolithic central-west Anatolia: the zooarchaeological record from Ulucak Höyük (c. 7040-5660 cal. BC, Izmir, Turkey). Anatolian Studies 62, 2012, 1. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/42657278
  2. ↑ Canan Çakirlar, The evolution of animal husbandry in Neolithic central-west Anatolia: the zooarchaeological record from Ulucak Höyük (c. 7040-5660 cal. BC, Izmir, Turkey). Anatolian Studies 62, 2012, 4. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/42657278
  3. ↑ F. Megaloudi, archaeobotanical finds from Ulucak, western Turkey (Izmir region): a preliminary study. Mediterranean Archeology and Archaeometry (Special Issue on Ulucak) 5/3, 2005, 27-32
  4. ↑ Canan Çakirlar, The evolution of animal husbandry in Neolithic central-west Anatolia: the zooarchaeological record from Ulucak Höyük (c. 7040-5660 cal. BC, Izmir, Turkey). Anatolian Studies 62, 2012, plate 3. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/42657278
  5. ↑ Canan Çakirlar, The evolution of animal husbandry in Neolithic central-west Anatolia: the zooarchaeological record from Ulucak Höyük (c. 7040-5660 cal. BC, Izmir, Turkey). Anatolian Studies 62, 2012, fig. 3. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/42657278
  6. ↑ Canan Çakirlar, The evolution of animal husbandry in Neolithic central-west Anatolia: the zooarchaeological record from Ulucak Höyük (c. 7040-5660 cal. BC, Izmir, Turkey). Anatolian Studies 62, 2012, 18. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/42657278

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