Umm Sulaim bint Milhān

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Umm Sulaim bint Milhān ( Arabic ام سليم بنت ملحان, DMG Umm Sulaim bint Milḥān ) (died approx. 650) was a companion of the Prophet Mohammed from the Arab tribe of Khazradsch in Yathrib , who was particularly close to the Prophet and who is praised for her support of the Muslim fighters in jihad . Umm Sulaim was just her kunya , her real name ( ism ) was uncertain. Muhammad ibn Saʿd gives Ghumaisā 'as her name, but also knows the name forms Rumaisā', Rumaitha, Rumaila, Sahla and Anīfa.

Marriages and children

Through her first husband Mālik ibn an-Nadr, Umm Sulaim was the mother of the Prophet's companions Anas ibn Mālik and Barā 'ibn Mālik. According to various reports cited by Muhammad ibn Saʿd, Umm Sulaim accepted Islam while she was still married to Mālik, which her husband disapproved of, in particular because she oriented her sons to this new belief.

After Mālik was killed in battle a short time later, she was wooed by another man, Abū Talha, who, like her, belonged to the Najjār clan of the Khazradsch, but also still adhered to ancient Arabic idolatry . She explained to him that she would only be willing to marry him if, like her, he recognized the prophethood of Muhammad. He agreed to this condition and converted to Islam, accepting this as his bestowal ( mahr ). Umm Sulaim bore him two other sons, ʿAbdallāh and Ibn ʿUmair.

Relationship to the Prophet

The reports handed down by Muhammad ibn Safertd show Umm Sulaim in a special relationship to the Prophet. He is said to have visited her several times, prayed in her house and sometimes took his afternoon nap here. ʿAmr ibn Aiyūb, a disciple of Muhammad ibn Sīrīn, even claimed to be in possession of a special balm ( sukk ) that Umm Sulaim had obtained from his sweat during one of the Prophet's afternoon nap . Another report shows Mohammed indignant that she did not accompany him on the pilgrimage . Umm Sulaim's son Anas worked as a servant in the household of Muhammad. According to a report cited by Abū Dāwūd as-Sidschistānī , Umm Sulaim refused to cut off a strand of her son's hair that the Prophet had touched with his hand. According to a story narrated by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj , referring to Anas, a sweet that Umm Sulaim sent to the Prophet for a wedding increased miraculously so that around 300 men could eat from it.

At the Battle of Uhud Umm Sulayem is said to have watered the thirsty and treated the wounded. She is also said to have been present at the Battle of Hunain in 630 - in a pregnant state - and had a dagger with her, which she held in front of her body in defense. Umm Sulaim appears in numerous hadiths as a transmitter of the Prophet's teachings on ritual precepts, especially ritual prayer . In a modern Arabic treatise from Syria, based on these reports, she is touted as a role model for female engagement in jihad and Daʿwa .

literature

  • Doris Decker: Women as Carriers of Religious Knowledge. Conceptions of images of women in early Islamic traditions up to the 9th century. Stuttgart 2013. pp. 210-218.
  • Muhammad ibn Saʿd : Kitāb aṭ-Ṭabaqāt al-kabīr . Ed. E. Sachau. 9 vols. Leiden 1904-1940. Vol. VIII, pp. 310-318. Digitized
  • Amīna ʿUmar al-Ḫarrāṭ: Umm-Sulaim Bint-Milḥān: dāʿiya, wahabat ḥayāta-hā li-d-daʿwa . Damascus 1996.
  • Ḫair ad-Dīn az-Zirikli: al-Aʿlām . 8 vol. 10th ed. Beirut 1992. Vol. III, p. 33c.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. Ibn Saʿd VIII 313f.
  2. ↑ Quoted in al-Ḫarrāṭ 91.
  3. ↑ Muslim: Kitāb an-Nikāh No. 94, cit. at al-Ḫarrāṭ 91f.
  4. ↑ Cf. Ibn Saʿd VIII 310.
  5. ↑ See Decker 210-218.
  6. ↑ See the book by Amīna ʿUmar al-Ḫarrāṭ with the title "Umm Sulaim Bint-Milḥān: a caller who has dedicated her life to the call ( daʿwa )."
personal data
SURNAME Umm Sulaim bint Milhān
ALTERNATIVE NAMES ام سليم بنت ملحان (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Companion of the Prophet Mohammed from the Arab tribe Khazradsch in Yathrib
DATE OF BIRTH 6th century or 7th century
DATE OF DEATH around 650