Ureidopenicillins
Ureidopenicillins are a group of penicillins with a urea side chain which increases the penetration of gram-negative bacteria compared to conventional penicillins. The active ingredients from this group are particularly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , which is why they are sometimes called "antipseudomonal penicillins".
There are currently three ureidopenicillins in clinical use:
Ampicillin , the basic structure, is not ureidopenicillin.
The term ureidopenicillins is derived from the structure of the active ingredients. Ampicillin (a penicillin), which is substituted in the 6-position on the side chain, can be regarded as the basic structure. The residues located there differ, but are all linked by a partial urea structure ("urea"). Piperacillin also carries a piperazindione residue; Azlocillin is a pyrazolidinone residue that is still methylsulfonated in mezlocillin .
It is assumed that the more intensive and broader degree of effectiveness comes about because the side chains mimick a longer section of the peptidoglycan framework in the bacterial cell wall and thereby enable a better induced fit in the penicillin-binding protein . Like most other penicillins (exception: isoxazolylpenicillins ), ureidopenicillins are not resistant to β-lactamases .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tan JS, File ™: Antipseudomonal penicillins . In: Medical Clinics of North America . 79, No. 4, 1995, pp. 679-93. PMID 7791416 .
- ↑ Comparison of the Activities of the New Ureidopenicillins Piperacillin, Mezlocillin, Azlocillin, and Bay k 4999 Against Gram-Negative Organisms . Retrieved August 15, 2017.
- ↑ Azlocillin and Mezlocillin: New Ureido Penicillins . Retrieved August 15, 2017.