Ussatowe culture
The archaeological Ussatowe culture (traditional, also [DAI], Russian / scientific Usatovo ~ ) existed between about 3500 to 3100 BC. BC in the northwest of the Black Sea between today's Odessa and the mouth of the Danube on the basis of the Suvorovo culture (Ukrainian Suvorove), the Cernavodă cultures in the south and farmers of the ending Cucuteni-Tripolje culture spreading from the north . These come under the influence of steppe nomads of the pit grave expression of the so-called Kurgan culture .
The eponymous excavation is located in today's Ussatowe on the north-western edge of Odessa, where it has already been largely built over.
Grave customs
According to Anthony, the two population groups can be clearly distinguished in the grave customs. Signs of the former Tripol'e cultures can be found in these relatively new types of body burials in cemeteries. There are no weapons additions here, but female figurines. In contrast, the new rulers of the steppe buried in richly equipped Kurganen , especially with weapons such as bronze daggers and axes. A typical addition are the steles that are widespread in the steppe cultures .
Ceramics
There are ceramics in the richly banded, high-fired Tripol'e style, as well as simple steppe ceramics with string decoration. Only in Kurgan graves were there even prestige ceramics of the Maikop culture from the northeastern edge of the Black Sea. In contrast, Cernavodă pottery was only found up to about 2%, and never in graves.
ecology
Not only the Maikop pottery indicates long-distance trade across the entire Black Sea. Finds of simple glass beads indicate long-distance trade with the Aegean region. All known Ussatowe settlements are located on estuaries. In Ussatowe the first indications of grain cultivation were found (often millet and oats , as well as emmer , soft wheat , barley and peas ).
Forefathers of the Teutons?
Anthony's thesis that offshoots of the Ussatowe culture migrated north and formed the nucleus of the pre-Germanic people in what is now Poland, however, can hardly be understood.
swell
- JP Mallory : Usatavo Culture. In: Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture , Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997. (Eng.)
- David W. Anthony : The horse, the wheel, and language. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford 2007, pp. 349-360
Individual evidence
- ↑ David W. Anthony, Jennifer Chi (2010). The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC. Princeton University Press