Usuard

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Martyrology begins in the oldest manuscript, Ms. lat. 13745 of the Bibliothèque nationale, Paris

Usuard († January 23, 877 in Paris ) was a Benedictine monk of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés .

Life

The name Usuardus appears in a list of the monks of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, written around 841 or 847. In 858 he went along with Odilard to Spain to relics to collect. They returned with the bones of the martyrs Georg, Aurelius and Nathalie, who were executed on July 27, 852 in Cordoba , Andalusia . The report of this trip was written by Aimoin of Saint-Germain-des-Prés .

Create

Usuard is the author of a Martyrologium , a calendar of saints that is dedicated to Charles the Bald . The dedication is believed to be around the year 865. The Usuard Martyrology contains the lives of eleven hundred saints. The Martyrologium synthesizes elements of the old Martyrologium Hieronymianum , the Martyrologium of Ado of Vienne and an improved version of that of Beda Venerabilis , which is attributed to Florus of Lyon . Usuard's work turned out to be particularly suitable for liturgical use, which is why it enjoyed great popularity throughout the Middle Ages, as numerous surviving manuscripts show. The copies are based on Usuard's first adaptation of his work. However, he revised it again. The manuscript Ms. lat. 13745 of the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris, the oldest surviving manuscript of the martyrolog, is considered Usuard's revised copy, even if he probably did not write it himself.

Works

  • Martyrologium Usurardi, edition in the Patrologia Latina
  • Dom Jacques Dubois: Le martyrologe d'Usuard. Texts and comments. (Subsidia hagiographica 40). Société des bollandistes, Brussels 1965 (scientific edition, see review by Jean Vezin , in: Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chartes 127 (1969), pp. 488-490).
  • Ms. lat. 13745 of the Bibliothèque nationale, Paris (Usuard's revised copy, around 865)
  • MS-C-5 - Usuardus Sangermanensis. Regula sancti Benedicti et alia. (Collective manuscript) , Altenberg, Cistercian Abbey, 14th century, 3rd quarter (after 1346/47; before 1359) digitized
  • MS-C-4 - Calendar. Usuardus Sangermanensis. Benedictus de Nursia et alia. (Composite manuscript) , Kentrop, Cistercian Abbey, 15th century, 1st quarter (after 1404) Digitized
  • MS-C-3 - Usuardus Sangermanensis. Constitutiones Fratrum Sanctae Crucis. Novae constitutiones Fratrum Sanctae Crucis. Evangelistarium. (Collective manuscript) , Marienfrede, Kreuzherrenkonvent, T. 1: 1498; T. 2: digitized after 1466

literature

  • Article Usuardus . In: Pierer's Universal-Lexikon , Vol. 18, Altenburg 1864, p. 315.

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