Installation zone
Installation zone ( DIN ) or laying zone describes the area in walls, ceilings and floors in which electrical cables are laid.
Situation in Germany
General laying instructions
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DIN 18015 |
|---|---|
| Area | Electrical systems |
| title | Electrical systems in residential buildings |
| Brief description: | Planning principles, type and scope of the minimum equipment, cable routing and arrangement of the equipment |
| Latest edition | 3 parts, different output dates |
| ISO |
In the case of concealed cable laying - under plaster - in residential buildings, the cables must be routed in standardized zones in accordance with DIN 18015-3 . This ensures that an electrical line is not accidentally drilled.
The DIN 18015 also specifies installation zones laid on and under blankets.
Cables are only to be laid vertically or horizontally in walls. The exact route of the cable is not specified in ceilings, here the cables may be laid on the shortest route.
Lines laid horizontally should run in a zone 30 cm above the finished floor or 30 cm below the finished ceiling surface. Vertically laid cables should run 15 cm next to the edges or corners of the shell and next to doors and windows.
Sockets , switches or junction boxes that are outside these areas should be supplied with a vertical stub line from the closest horizontal installation zone.
Installation zones living space
In living rooms there is a 30 cm wide, horizontal laying zone at a distance of 15 cm from the floor or ceiling. The vertical, 20 cm wide installation zones are at a distance of 10 cm from all structural edges and corners, on both sides of windows and on the handle side of doors. For doors with two leaves, there is a vertical installation zone on both sides. Are there switches or sockets within easy reach, e.g. For example, next to doors, the top switch or socket should be installed in the middle 105 cm above the floor. If a wall opening, such as a door or window, overlaps with an installation zone, this is not necessary.
Installation zones rooms with work surfaces
In kitchens, hobby and work rooms, in which a work surface is installed in front of the wall, there is also a central installation zone. Switches and sockets are installed here at a preferred height of 115 cm. The middle installation zone goes from 100 cm to 130 cm, calculated from the finished floor.
Before 2007, the middle installation zone was in the range from 90 cm to 120 cm. Back then, the preferred height for switches and sockets was 115 cm, but the preferred height for flush-mounted cables was 100 cm.
Installation zones and protection areas in the bathroom
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|
DIN VDE 0100-701 |
|---|---|
| Area | Erection of low-voltage systems |
| title | Requirements for production sites, rooms and systems of a special kind |
| Brief description: | Rooms with a bathtub or shower |
| Latest edition | 2008-10 |
| ISO |
In living rooms, rooms with a bathtub or shower belong to the dry rooms, although moisture occurs in these rooms. In these rooms, however, there is a particular hazard, as the moisture significantly reduces the human body resistance, so that when connected to the earth potential, even small contact voltages can cause dangerous currents to flow through the human body.
The requirements for the electrical installation are specified in the DIN standard DIN VDE 0100 -701: 2008-10.
The lower and middle laying zone intended for other rooms is not required in living rooms with wet areas. Cross-running cables should only be laid in the upper, 30 cm high installation zone, which begins 15 cm below the ceiling.
A distinction is made between different protection zones or protection areas :
- Protection area 0: Protection area 0 defines the interior of a bathtub or shower with a tub. There is no protection area 0 for showers without a bathtub (level showers). A radius of 120 cm around the shower head is then considered protection area 1.
- In protection zone 0, electrical equipment with a degree of protection of at least IPX7 is permitted. Installation devices such as sockets, junction boxes, etc. are not permitted in protection zone 0. Electrical consumables may only be operated in protection area 0 if their operating voltage does not exceed 12 V alternating voltage or 30 V direct voltage (the supplying transformer must be outside protection area 1), if they are permanently connected and approved by the manufacturer (e.g. bathtub heating) ).
- Protection area 1: Protection area 1 extends over protection area 0 to a height of at least 2.25 m above the floor or up to the height of the highest permanently attached shower head or water outlet. It applies to the areas immediately above and below the bathtub or shower up to their installation area.
- In protection area 1, electrical consumables are only permitted if they have been approved by the manufacturer for this use and if they are permanently connected water heaters, whirlpool and waste water pumps or exhaust air devices.
- Other consumables or installation devices are permitted if their operating voltage does not exceed 25 V AC or 60 V DC. Here, too, the power sources for the supply must be installed outside of protection area 0 or 1.
- Electrical equipment is permitted that has a degree of protection of at least IPX4 (IPX5 when exposed to water jets).
- Protection area 2: Protection area 2 applies to the walls up to a height of at least 2.25 m from the upper edge of the floor or up to the height of the highest permanently attached shower head or water outlet.
- At the side it extends 60 cm beyond protection area 1. If the shower or bathtub is delimited by "permanently attached partitions", "the removal of which would result in a structural change", the 60 cm from the bathtub are measured horizontally along the partition. The encompassing radius applies, which is determined by laying a 60 cm long thread along the partition wall and, if necessary, following its change of direction. If the separation ends below the upper limit of protection area 2, an overlap radius must be determined here analogously (if necessary using a thread).
- The same requirements apply as in protection area 1. In addition, the installation of lights and the permanent connection of washing machines is possible here. Sockets and switches are not allowed.
Cables and lines must be led to the corresponding equipment from behind or from above. In the protection areas 0, 1 and 2, only cables and lines may be laid that are used to supply the equipment located there. The protection area also works 6 cm into the wall and therefore requires, in addition to the effects on the lines obviously running within the bathroom, that a mineral residual wall thickness of at least 6 cm must be observed for lines in neighboring rooms, as these otherwise lie in the corresponding protection area would apply and should therefore not be relocated there.
To protect the occupants from serious injury due, circuits must in these rooms with a protective conductor and an earth leakage circuit breaker with a tripping current difference exceeding 30 m A be provided.
Exception for Germany: In DIN VDE 0100-701, circuits for the exclusive supply of permanently attached and permanently connected water heaters (even in protection areas 1 and 2) are not protected by residual current devices ( RCD) with a rated residual current greater than 30 mA excluded. This exception is missing for the other CENELEC members. With this deviating rule for Germany, however, it should be noted that according to DIN VDE 0100-410: 2007-06, the new switch-off time of 0.4 s in TN systems must be observed. With long cable lengths in the TN system, an RCD may be required in order to achieve the required switch-off time. For the TT system , an RCD will be required in any case to comply with the switch-off time.
Laws and norms
- DIN VDE 0100-701 Construction of low-voltage systems; Requirements for production facilities, rooms and systems of a special kind; Rooms with a bathtub or shower
- DIN VDE 0100-702 Erection of low-voltage systems; Requirements for production facilities, rooms and systems of a special kind; Pools of swimming pools and other pools
literature
- Dieter Vogt, Herbert Schmolke: Electrical installation in residential buildings . 6th edition, VDE Verlag GmbH, Berlin and Offenbach, 2005, ISBN 3-8007-2820-6 .
- Herbert Schmolke: VDE series 45; "Electrical installation in residential buildings", manual for installation practice . 7th edition. VDE Verlag GmbH, Berlin and Offenbach 2010, ISBN 978-3-8007-3029-2 .
- Werner Hörmann, Bernd Schröder, Burkhard Schulze: VDE series 67a; "Installation of low-voltage systems in rooms with a bathtub or shower", comment from DIN VDE 0100-701: 2008-10 . 3. Edition. VDE Verlag GmbH, Berlin and Offenbach 2010, ISBN 978-3-8007-3134-3 .
Web links
- baunetzwissen.de - Cable laying
- Electrical systems in rooms with bathtub or shower - questions and answers
Individual evidence
- ↑ Electrical installation zones in the bathroom , In: Elektro-Welten.de
- ↑ a b Werner Baade: Installations in rooms with bath or shower , magazine Elektropraktiker Berlin 62 (2008) 12, p. 1094ff, In: Elektropraktiker.de
- ↑ Electrical systems in rooms with bathrooms and showers - which rules should the HVAC installer know? , Image 4, In: IKZ.de, April 2013