Administration building of the Moscow Kremlin
.png)
The administration building of the Moscow Kremlin or Building 14 ( Russian Административный корпус Кремля or 14-й корпус ) was a neoclassical building from 1934 in Moscow . It stood on the Kremlin grounds in the immediate vicinity of the Senate Palace and the Savior Gate leading to Red Square and was demolished in 2015 and 2016.
history
The building stood exactly on the site of the historic Chudov Monastery , which was founded in 1365 by Metropolitan Alexius , who then found his final resting place there. In 1930, all of the monastery buildings were destroyed by the Bolshevik rulers in the course of the large-scale demolition of Moscow sacred buildings . The construction of the first building from the Soviet era on the Kremlin territory began immediately on the vacated property . The design came from Iwan Rerberg , a well-known Moscow architect of the early 20th century, who a few years earlier created his most famous building, the Kiev train station .
The new building was completed in 1934, just two years after Rerberg's death. Originally, the building did not have its own name and housed a renowned military school for commanders of the Red Army . After this school was relocated to the Lefortowo district in 1935 , the actual use as an administrative complex began: in 1938 the secretariat of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR moved here. Parts of the premises were handed over to the Kremlin headquarters , which was located in Building 14 until 2011.
From 1958 to 1961 there was a theater in the building, more precisely in a hall with a capacity of up to 1200 spectators, which was named Kremlin Theater ( Кремлёвский театр ) according to its location . At that time, the Kremlin was open to the public through the nearby Savior Gate. This changed after the theater was closed: After that, the Redeemer Gate served exclusively as a service entrance, and building 14 was also inaccessible to the public.
The administration building was officially part of the Russian President's office complex, along with the Senate Palace and the Great Kremlin Palace . Among other things, there were several offices for the President (the main office is in the Senate Palace) as well as meeting and reception rooms. In addition, the building housed various departments of the Russian presidential administration , the Kremlin headquarters , the secret service FSO and other authorities close to the president.
architecture
The four-story administration building, which was visible to Kremlin visitors from Ivan Square and the adjacent Kremlin Gardens to the south, had a symmetrical three-winged floor plan. The three wings were connected to one another by a central part of the building facing the Kremlin Garden. This part, the facade of which was adorned by a row of columns of Ionic order , which was closed in the middle by a gable roof with a flagpole, was stylistically reminiscent of Russian classicist administrative buildings of the 19th and late 18th centuries, including the neighboring Senate Palace . The design of the wing facades, however, was much simpler and less noticeable, even if the entire building - not least because of the yellow facade color - was conceived as an architectural complement to the existing Kremlin buildings in the immediate vicinity (in addition to the Senate Palace, also the arsenal , which is also the same color ). In general, building 14 was counted as one of the examples of Moscow neoclassicism of the early 20th century, the style that was typical of Ivan Rerberg's works, but which seemed largely out of place in the old Russian Kremlin ensemble.
Building 14 was demolished in spring 2016.
Web links
- Description on the official website of the Russian Presidential Office (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Завершён демонтаж 14-го корпуса Кремля on russian.rt.com on April 26, 2016, accessed on July 17, 2016 (Russian)
Coordinates: 55 ° 45 ′ 8 ″ N , 37 ° 37 ′ 12.6 ″ E