Front suspension (motorcycle)

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With front suspension , the front suspension is of motorized two-wheelers called. The term motorcycle fork is also used colloquially . Up to 1904 all front wheel suspensions on motorcycles were unsprung, from 1907 spring-loaded constructions became common. The front suspensions are divided into groups

Steering head

Steering head steering (Zündapp)

“The steering head steering is the oldest and most widespread type of motorcycle steering.” With steering head steering, the front wheel guidance is rotatably connected to the frame via the steering tube; this allows the steering of the motorcycle. The first steering head steering can be recognized by the draisine by Karl Drais (1817). When it comes to the steering of the steering head, a distinction is made between forks and swing arms .

Front fork

Motorcycle forks are usually designed with two arms, the Imme is an exception in series production .

Swing

System comparison

In 1993 the magazine Motorrad subjected the five front suspensions available at the time to a comparison test with regard to braking behavior, immersion in the event of high deceleration and unsprung masses.

Wheel hub steering Stub axle steering Telescopic fork Telelever Hossack fork
Brake pitch compensation 58% 47%   - 6% 78% 72%
Immersion at 8 m / s² deceleration 14.5 mm 26 mm 45.5 mm 14.5 mm 10 mm
Steering angle 19 ° 27 ° 37 ° 32 ° 25 °
Unsprung mass (front wheel) 22.6 kg 31.6 kg 21.5 kg 20.3 kg 18.5 kg
Source: MOTORCYCLE

literature

  • Helmut Werner Bönsch: Advanced motorcycle technology. 1st edition. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-613-01054-2 .
  • Jürgen Stoffregen: Motorcycle technology: basics and concepts of engine, drive and chassis. 7th edition. Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig 2010, ISBN 978-3-8348-0698-7 .

Remarks

  1. In the broadest sense, the wheel hub steering belongs to the group of axle pivot steering. See Jürgen Stoffregen: Motorcycle technology . Pp. 328-330. The stub axle steering was previously installed on the Yamaha GTS 1000 and Italjet Dragster . The unusual duplex steering is counted as part of the steering head steering .
  2. In 2007 Suzuki presented a design study under the name Crosscage , in which the front wheel was guided by a one-armed telescopic fork. Cf. motorrad.suzuki.de ( Memento of the original from February 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / motorrad.suzuki.de
  3. The prototype of the Hägglund XM 72 from 1973 had a single-arm short swing arm. See vintagecycleprints.com

Individual evidence

  1. Heinz M. Hiersig : VDI-Lexikon engineering. Springer Verlag, 1st edition 1995, ISBN 978-3-540-62133-1 , p. 649
  2. Jürgen Stoffregen: Motorcycle technology . P. 328
  3. ^ Helmut Werner Bönsch: Progressive motorcycle technology. P. 7.
  4. ^ Peter Witt: Motorcycles. 1st edition. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-341-00657-5 , p. 22.
  5. MOTORCYCLE . No. 18 , August 21, 1993, p. 14-24 .
  6. MOTORCYCLE . No. 18 , August 21, 1993, p. 24 .