Volcanic chamber
Volcanic chamber | ||||||||||||
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![]() Volcanic bunting ( Junco vulcani ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Junco vulcani | ||||||||||||
( Boucard , 1878) |
The volcanic bunting ( Junco vulcani ), also known as striped winter bunting or striped junko , is a songbird species from the genus Junkos ( Junco ) in the family of the New World chambers (Passerellidae). It occurs in Costa Rica and Panama .
features
The volcanic chamber reaches a body length of 15.2 to 16.6 cm. Faint, dark dots run from the top of the head to the upper coat. The black reins and the line behind the eyes give the face a mask-like appearance. The sides of the head and the narrow stripe above the eyes are gray. The area from the undercoat to the upper tail covers is dull olive-brown. The undercoat, the back and the shoulder area are dark dashed. The tail is somber without the whiteness of similar Junco species. The tail feathers have dark gray edges. The outer control springs have gray tips. The upper wings are black-brown. The wing covers and the umbrella feathers have broad yellow-brown hems. The hand and arm wings have narrow gray-brown hems. The chin is speckled with black. The throat is a little lighter gray than the chest. The underside is gray with an olive-yellow-brown tint, especially on the flanks and rump. The iris is yellow to golden yellow, the beak is pink, the legs are yellow-pink to brownish-gray. The sexes look the same. In juvenile birds, the upper side is more reddish-brown with more dotted lines. The underside is yellow-brown with brown dashes, except in the middle of the abdomen.
Distribution area
The occurrence extends to the volcanic areas in Costa Rica and western Panama, in particular on the Volcán de Irazú and the Cerro de la Muerte in Costa Rica and on the Cerro Fábrega and the Volcán Barú in Panama.
habitat
The volcanic chamber inhabits open grassy areas with stunted shrubbery and overgrown pastures, also at roadsides. The species is most common above the tree line between 2600 and 3000 m.
Eating behavior
The volcanic bammer usually goes foraging in pairs. The diet includes seeds and berries, but also arthropods, including insects and spiders (Araneae), and is mainly found on the ground or in vegetation.
Reproductive behavior
Nests were found in April. Fledglings were observed in May and June. The bowl-shaped nest is built from dry grass on an embankment overgrown with moss and lined with thistle down and hair. The overhanging moss forms a canopy over the nest. The clutch consists of two pale blue eggs with purple spots that are concentrated at the long end.
literature
- F. Gary Stiles , Alexander Frank Skutch : A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica , Cornell University Press, 1989, ISBN 978-0-8014-2287-4 , pp. 462-463
- Clive Byers, Urban Olsson, Jon Curson: Buntings and Sparrows - A Guide to the Buntings and North American Sparrows. Pica Press, 1995, ISBN 978-1-4081-8906-1 , pp. 245-246
- Carrol L. Henderson, Steve Adams: Birds of Costa Rica: A Field Guide , Combined Academic Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-0-2927-1965-1 , p. 325
- James D. Rising: Volcano junco (Junco vulcani). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, DA & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 2017. (retrieved from HBW Alive on September 4, 2017).
Web links
- Junco vulcani inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.1. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Junco vulcani