Attack (weapon)

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Standing attack with long weapon

The stop a weapon has firearms the body and arms attitude in which a shooter shot from a handgun emits or immediately preparatory stance on this.

Stop types

Isosceles stop (standing, two-handed stop with feet set parallel)
Rifle in the estimate
Seated attack, two-handed

The type of attack depends on the shooter's habits, the type of weapon and the reason for firing the shot.

In sport, handguns ( pistol , revolver ) are usually shot while standing. Sports pistols ( air pressure pistol , small caliber pistol ) are usually held in one hand in accordance with the regulations of the major sports associations. Large caliber pistols are usually shot with both hands. In various disciplines, shooting lying down, kneeling, sitting or leaning against a barricade is also common.

In sport, rifles are usually shot while kneeling or lying down. One hand grips the handle in front of the trigger. The second hand grabs the gun by the fore-end. When using supports, it supports the buttstock on the shoulder or under the fore-end. Sometimes rifles are also shot while standing. A so-called hand stop and a shooting sling are often used for stabilization.

When used by the police, shooting is usually done from a standing position. Here, however, an attempt is made to use cover. For several years there has been increasing training in using a two-handed attack. For reasons of self- protection, the officer is not facing the opposite, but to the side; this reduces his hit area by almost half if he is attacked. Due to the protective equipment used in recent times, this advantage is turned into a disadvantage insofar as the arm openings of a bullet-resistant vest are unprotected - their effectiveness is only retained if they are largely positioned frontally.

In the military sector, submachine guns and automatic rifles are usually used. There are often additional handles here to stabilize the weapon.

In the area of hunting there are basically four types of attacks, which are defined according to the regulations of the German Hunting Association for each discipline of hunting.

Long guns

Standby positions

  • High Ready : High lead position. Center of the weapon (with G36, M4 or SIG 556 the magazine well, the magazine) at eye level and the weapon angled (turned 90 degrees to the right), the muzzle towards the sky and the hand on the grip. Ideal position to reload while moving, as the belt / deployment vest is freely accessible. You can keep an eye on everything in the direction of movement.
  • Low Ready : Low hold position. Lower the weapon just enough from eye level to see the opponent's hands. Finger off the trigger. This position is good for keeping the opponent (s) in check and still being able to fire quickly and effectively.
  • Ready : High lead position. Two-handed attack.
  • Retention : Securing and holding position. Pull the weapon towards your body and angle. Weapon touches the costal arch, but still aims at the opponent's pelvic area.
  • Sul : Sul (Portuguese for south) weapon close to the body safely down.

Shooting positions

  • Standing freehand - lean into the shot, upper body swinging freely. Type of attack for heavy calibers, as the recoil can be absorbed by the freely swinging upper body.
  • painted standing - on a tree or a shooting stick.
  • in motion - firing a shot when the left foot is in front for right-handers. Upper body and lower body act separately, "only the upper body shoots", the knees act as "shock absorbers".
  • while sitting , rarely freehand - shooting at a weapon, shooting from a high seat or other hunting structures .
  • kneeling hands-free - from behind a cover, in the quick stop and on a surface that you don't want to lie on. Also supported on knees - right-handed people support the left elbow on the knee.
  • Sitting cross-legged - weapon in the crook of the left arm (right-handed).
  • lying - laid on or hands-free as a stable shooting position.
  • Supine position ("Creedmore" attack) - uncommon, historical style of attack, sometimes used in a sporty way for silhouette shooting with the pistol, - lying flat on the back, legs bent, two-handed attack, weapon placed on the legs, feet stabilize the weapon with the Rifle sling. There is a risk of shooting yourself in the feet.

  • sitting cross-legged

  • Stop painted upright

Carrying methods

For transport on foot, different ways of carrying are used in order to only carry a long weapon with you or to carry it ready for use.

  • slung over the shoulder - short rifle sling, mostly over the right shoulder - military, but also hunting
  • over the back - rifle sling just over the right shoulder and chest, rifle on the back
  • Hunting wearing at the front - rifle sling short, right-handed people reversed over the right shoulder, muzzle upwards
  • Hunting African way of carrying - long rifle sling, right-handed over the left shoulder, muzzle downwards, shaft upwards at the back
  • shouldered (African) - placed on the right or left shoulder, hand holds the rifle stock, also the muzzle for hunting purposes, weapon placed the other way round
  • Hunters can also be used for military purposes - long rifle sling, right-handed over the right shoulder, weapon horizontal, muzzle to the front, hand on the handle, ready position for the German cast
  • Bergstrageweise - rifle sling short, from left to right in front of the chest, carry with large backpacks
  • Israeli way of carrying, also military patrol , with three-point carrying strap - in front of the chest, right-handed shaft attached to the top right of the belt carrying frame or long rifle strap over the right shoulder and back, mouth pointing downwards on the left, immediate stop possible, hand on the handle

  • Mountain way

  • military hunter carrier

  • on the back with biathlon strap

  • hunting manner of carrying

Handguns

Standby positions

Readiness position (US Army) There are several ready positions for handguns. The weapon is either held towards the ground or towards the sky / ceiling.

Firing positions handgun

  • standing, two-handed

  • crouched, two-handed

  • kneeling, with both hands

  • kneeling, with cover

  • lying

  • over the left shoulder

  • traversing

  • standing, with cover

FBI shot

The FBI propagated in the 1970s, one-handed of fitting, in which the gun with one hand held in hip to chest level. The weapon arm is not supported or rested. The other arm is held diagonally in front of the upper body in order to offer the body organs additional protection in the event of fire.

This type of attack can only be used for short distances up to a maximum of 15 m and can only be used in close-range combat.

It is no longer used by today's standards of environmental hazard and responsible behavior.

Center Axis Relock (CAR)

CAR is a special technique for the use of firearms . This is characterized by the fact that the pistol is guided as close to the body as possible, which has the following purposes

  • Magazines can be changed within seconds during a combat situation
  • You have a better grip on the weapon, which makes it all the more difficult for an opponent to hit or kick it out of your hand

Shot in the hip with the elbow attached

For a quick shot at short distances (5 to 10 m), the legs are placed slightly apart and slightly bent. The weapon is held in one hand. The elbow is placed on the hip bone. The upper body leans towards the side in which the weapon is held. In a variant, the Yaqui attack, the upper body is also bent back a little.

Because the arm is supported on the hip bone, even large-caliber weapons can be kept well under control. The weapon is held so high that it appears in the shooter's lower field of vision and can thus be aimed at the target. The Yaqui attack intensifies this effect. By shifting the upper body, the head is directly above the sight axis of the weapon.

This type of attack is rarely used any more and can only be used for combat shooting.

Fixation of the weapon

When attacking, it is important that the weapon is not held tightly but also not loosely.

With the so-called free pistol, the entire hand is enclosed in the wooden handle. Many sport pistols have shaped handles made of wood, in which finger hollows are indicated and the ball of the hand is supported by an adjustable support.

Utility weapons usually have wooden or plastic handles. These are often provided with a rough surface so that a safe grip of the weapon is guaranteed even in moisture (water, sweat).

Magnum revolvers, for example, use a smooth wooden handle to allow the weapon to move in the hand. The forces that occur when firing a shot lead to skin abrasions after just a few shots if the weapon is held too firmly (possibly in connection with a rubber grip).

Gun hold

The hand is the interface between the person and the weapon. Ultimately, all factors such as aiming, trigger control and recoil control take place at this point.

The right grip on the weapon, the trigger process and the behavior after the shot are the keys to good shooting and recoil control.

  • one-handed attack

  • two-handed attack

  • two-handed attack, hands one below the other

  • Weaver attack

The grip stabilizes the weapon against poor trigger control and is the decisive factor for recoil management.

Even the best technique is of no use if it is not suitable for rapid firing sequences or if it is not stable during stress.

It is assumed that the two-handed attack has largely established itself as a basic technique.

Reach the weapon as high as possible, relative to the barrel. This significantly reduces the throw of the weapon. While this is difficult with high-build weapons such as the SIG Sauer P22x or Heckler & Koch USP, the barrel core for low-build weapons such as the Glock or Steyr is almost at the level of the thumb base.

Fingers should be together, touching, and touching the handle as high as possible. The weak hand is angled downwards at an angle of about 30 to 45 degrees and is in contact with the thumb of the strong hand, also as high as possible, and encloses the front of the grip and the fingers of the strong hand.

You should place your strong-shot thumb so high that the thumb of the weak hand has space and contact.

Full contact between both hands and weapon is important.

Some weapons have an angled or roughened trigger guard so that you can rest your index finger on it. Apart from a few exceptions with regard to hand size and weapon shape, this only has disadvantages. On the one hand, there is always the risk that the index finger supported in this way will exert a force on the weapon when it is pulled, which pushes the muzzle out of the target direction. On the other hand, it weakens the influence of the left hand on recoil control.

Some shooters, especially those with small hands, have difficulty reaching the trigger with this high hand position. Since trigger control is one of the keys to good hits, and trigger control is a bigger problem than aiming and recoil control, it is better to start with the trigger finger and work backwards.

The placement of the trigger finger on the trigger is and always has been the basis of endless discussions between experienced shooters. Whether the fingertip, the first ball or the first bend is used is a matter of taste. There will always be a trade-off between more feeling and more strength. Shooters with light triggers are more likely to use the tip, shooters with more severe triggers the crook. Whatever is used, you should only touch the front of the trigger and ideally be able to apply constant pressure in the center of the trigger.

Both hands push the weapon forward. This counteracts the recoil in a straight line. Recoil will never be entirely eliminated. It is difficult to put in writing how firmly to hold the weapon. Two thirds of the holding power come from the weak hand, one third from the strong hand. Firm but not cramped. You increase the pressure until your hands start to shake, then you decrease the pressure until it feels comfortable. The entire body should be tense but not cramped. In addition, depending on the recoil force, a secure stance on the floor or a stable position lying down is necessary. This avoids the unintentional change of the sighting ( tearing ).

meaning

The sense and purpose is the (safe) situational weapon handling, which enables an easy and immediate access to the weapon and prevents another person from accessing the handgun. Mounting options are particularly in use behavior practiced the police and the military and applied.

For right-handers, handguns are carried in holsters on their belts (also as concealed carry under their outer clothing) or deep-drawn holsters on the right thigh, on the front left on the belt (especially when carrying a long gun), in armpit holsters on the left or left side of the chest (as concealed carry).

literature

See also

Web links

Commons : Firing positions  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Haseder, p. 40
  2. ^ Ben Findley: CAR: A Unique Shooting System for Improved Accuracy. In: USA Carry. December 5, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2019 (American English).