Elections to the Parliament of Kurdistan
The elections to the Kurdistan Parliament have been held in the Kurdistan Autonomous Region in Iraq since 1992 .
In January 1992 the "Kurdistan Front", an association of the most important Kurdish parties in Iraq, decided to allow free democratic elections to take place in the areas under its control. The first election date was May 19, 1992. All citizens of the autonomous region over the age of 18 were eligible to vote. The seats should be distributed according to a proportional system.
After 1992, elections could only be held again in 2005, with the DPK-PUK conflict , the UN embargo against Iraq and the 2003 Iraq war in between.
Elections of May 19, 1992
After the establishment of the no-fly zones in Northern Iraq ( Operation Northern Watch ), this was Parliament's first election. The results of the Kurdish parties that achieved more than 1% of the vote are given:
| Surname | Voting share | Seats |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party of Kurdistan (KDP) | 45.3% | 51 |
| Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) | 43.8% | 49 |
| Islamic Movement in Kurdistan (IMK) | 5.1% | 0 |
| Socialist Party of Kurdistan (PASOK) | 2.6% | 0 |
| Iraqi Communist Party (ICP) | 2.2% | 0 |
| People's Democratic Party of Kurdistan | 1.0% | 0 |
Since the hurdle was 7%, the KDP got 51 and the PUK 49 seats. The KDP gave one seat to the PUK, so that both parties had 50 seats. In addition, the remaining seats were reserved for the Assyrians and Christians. The Turkmen did not take part in the election. The turnout was 90%.
Elections January 30, 2005
Those Kurdish parties are given which achieved more than 1%.
| Surname | Voting share | Seats |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan | 89.55% | 104 |
| Islamic community in Kurdistan | 4.86% | 6th |
| Kurdistan Workers Party | 1.17% | 1 |
Elections on July 25, 2009
In July 2009, 2.5 million residents were called to elect the parliament and the president of the region. 24 parties competed in the election for the 111-member parliament. Ballot boxes were also set up in Baghdad. Of the 111 seats in parliament, 100 are reserved for Kurds, 5 for Turkmen, 5 for Chaldeans and Assyrians and 1 for Armenians. The parliament's quota for women is 30%. This is also the first election in which the president of the region is directly elected. The current incumbent Masud Barzani was previously appointed by parliament. With the newly founded Gorran party , a strong opposition party is standing for election that wants to take action against massive corruption and nepotism. Its chairman is the former PUK functionary Nawschirwan Mustafa . This time the dominant parties of the DKP and PUK have joined forces to form the Kurdistan List.
The results for the 100 "Kurdish" seats look like this:
| Surname | Voting share | Seats |
|---|---|---|
| The Kurdistan List | 57.3% | 59 |
| Gorran | 23.8% | 25th |
| Reform and godly work | 12.8% | 13 |
| Kurdish Islamic Movement | 1.5% | 2 |
| Social justice and freedom list | 0.82% | 1 |
The results for the 11 minority seats look like this:
| Surname | Voting share | Seats | Ethnic group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turkmen Democratic Movement In Kurdistan | 0.99% | 3 | Turkmen |
| Turkmen Reform List | 0.38% | 1 | Turkmen |
| Irbil Turkmen List | 0.21% | 1 | Turkmen |
| Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council | 0.58% | 3 | Chaldeans and Assyrians |
| Assyrian Democratic Movement | 0.30% | 2 | Chaldeans and Assyrians |
| Aram Shahine Dawood (Independent Candidate) | 0.22% | 1 | Armenians |
According to preliminary results, Masud Barzani was confirmed in his office with almost 70% of the votes.
Elections on September 21, 2013
The regional parliament was re-elected on September 21, 2013. A total of 2,818,684 people were registered as voters. 1,968,775 votes were cast.
The results for the 100 "Kurdish" seats look like this:
| Surname | Voting share | Seats |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party of Kurdistan | 37.79% | 38 |
| Gorran | 24.21% | 24 |
| Patriotic Union of Kurdistan | 17.8% | 18th |
| Islamic Union Kurdistan ( Yekgrtu ) | 9.49% | 10 |
| Islamic Community in Kurdistan ( Komall ) | 6.01% | 6th |
| Islamic Movement of Kurdistan | 1.1% | 1 |
| Democratic Socialist Party of Kurdistan | 0.6% | 1 |
| Social Justice and Freedom List ( Kurdish Communist Party ) | 0.6% | 1 |
| Third direction - party of the working people | 0.4% | 1 |
The results for the 11 minority seats look like this:
| Surname | Voting share | Seats | Ethnic group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turkmen Development List | 0.2% | 2 | Turkmen |
| Turkmen Reform List | 0.09% | 1 | Turkmen |
| Irbil Turkmen List | 0.09% | 1 | Turkmen |
| Turkmen Front | 0.08% | 1 | Turkmen |
| Rafidain List | 0.3% | 2 | Chaldeans and Assyrians |
| Chaldean, Assyrian and Syriac Assembly | 0.2% | 2 | Chaldeans and Assyrians |
| Abna Rafidain | 1 | Chaldeans and Assyrians | |
| Barwan Isan (Independent Candidate) | 1 | Armenians |
Neither party won an absolute majority. According to the 30% quota, 34 members of parliament are women.
Elections on September 30, 2018
On September 30, 2018, the parliamentary elections of Kurdistan took place after a delay of about a year. 1,587,461 people took part in this election. This means that the turnout decreased significantly compared to the previous parliamentary elections with 1,968,775 voters.
| Surname | be right | Voting share | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party of Kurdistan | 688.070 | 43.34% | 45 |
| Patriotic Union of Kurdistan | 319.219 | 20.11% | 21st |
| Gorran | 186.903 | 11.77% | 12 |
| New generation | 127.115 | 8.01% | 8th |
| Islamic community in Kurdistan | 109,494 | 6.89% | 7th |
| Islamic Union Kurdistan | 79,912 | 5.03% | 5 |
| Sardam Alliance (consisting of the Socialist Democratic Party of Kurdistan , Democratic National Union of Kurdistan and the Party of Kurdistan Workers ) |
15,581 | 1 % | 1 |
| List for Freedom ( Kurdish Communist Party ) | 8,063 | 0.5% | 1 |
| Subtotal | 1,559,021 | 100 | |
| Minorities | |||
| Turkmen parties | 11,472 | 0.72% | 5 |
| Assyrian parties | 14,023 | 0.88% | 5 |
| Armenian parties | 2,945 | 0.19% | 1 |
| Subtotal | 28,440 | 11 | |
| total | 1,587,461 | 100% | 111 |
Individual evidence
- ^ Azad Salih: Free Kurdistan. The protection zone of the Kurds in Iraqi Kurdistan , dissertation at the Free University of Berlin, 2004, Chapter 4, pp. 108–110
- ↑ Andrea Fischer-Tahir: "We gave many martyrs". Resistance and collective identity formation in Iraqi Kurdistan , ISBN 978-3-89771-015-3 , Münster 2003, p. 204
- ^ Old President, New Opposition , retrieved from the website DW-World.de
- ↑ UNAMI, Elections in the Kurdistan region of Iraq 2013, pdf ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Rudaw, Kurdistan election results, 2014
- ↑ close to the Muslim Brotherhood , but without demonstrable organizational connection; Andrea Fischer-Tahir: "We gave many martyrs". Resistance and collective identity formation in Iraqi Kurdistan , ISBN 978-3-89771-015-3 , Münster 2003, p. 246
- ↑ IHEC announced final results of Iraq's Kurdistan, ekurd.net, October 2, 2013
- ↑ Complete 2013 Kurdistan Regional Government Election Results, October 9, 2013, Musings on Iraq
- ↑ Resulted election fifth session of parliament of kurdistan (Resolution number 63). In: www.khec.krd. The Independent High Elections and Referendum Commission, October 20, 2018, archived from the original ; accessed on December 7, 2018 (English).
