Forest cuckoo wasp

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Forest cuckoo wasp
Dolichovespula omissa, female

Dolichovespula omissa , female

Systematics
Order : Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera)
Subordination : Waist Wasps (Apocrita)
Family : Wasps (Vespidae)
Subfamily : Real wasps (Vespinae)
Genre : Long-headed wasps ( Dolichovespula )
Type : Forest cuckoo wasp
Scientific name
Dolichovespula omissa
( Bischoff , 1931)

The forest cuckoo wasp ( Dolichovespula omissa ) is a cuckoo wasp from the family of the wasps in the order of the hymenoptera (Hymenoptera). It lives as a social parasite of the wood wasp ( Dolichovespula sylvestris ).

features

The wasps reach a body length of 15 to 18 millimeters (females) or 14 to 16 millimeters (males). It is colored very similarly to its host, the yellow color should be a little darker, the yellow band on the pronotum somewhat wider, but it is not clearly distinguishable from this. The clypeus is usually pure yellow, rarely with one to three black points. As a female, the species can be distinguished from a number of related species on the pointed front corners of the clypeus. From their host species Dolichovespula sylvestris u. a. the denser and coarser puncturing of the lower half of the clypeus. A characteristic color feature is that the sternites of the first five segments of the free abdomen have a yellow band with a black interruption in the middle. In addition, the yellow markings on the temples, behind the compound eyes, in contrast to the host, are interrupted in the middle by a black spot. The sting of the species is curved (that of the host species is straight).

The males can only be distinguished from the other species of the genus Dolichovespula by a genital examination .

Occurrence

The species colonizes almost all of Europe, from southern Scandinavia in the north to the northern Mediterranean (northern Spain to Bulgaria), but is absent in the British Isles. In the east it reaches European Russia, Turkey (only Central and Eastern Anatolia and the Black Sea region) and Iran (only one secure find, 1960 near Tehran). Specified individual finds from the Central Asian Altai region are uncertain and require confirmation.

It inhabits various open habitats, light forests and forest edges. It is rare in Central Europe and flies from mid-June to early September. Young females of the new generation fly from mid-July, the males from the end of June. The species occurs in Central Europe preferentially in the low mountain ranges, in higher altitudes. It is scattered in Germany, rarely regionally, but with a population density that is not decreasing as far as recognizable. In the Red List for Germany it is considered to be moderately frequent and harmless.

Way of life

The forest cuckoo wasp is a social parasite of the wood wasp. The animals are occasionally found in large groups on umbellifers . Their way of life is largely unknown.

Taxonomy and systematics

The species was first described by Adolph Schenck in 1861 as Vespa tripunctata , but this name is not available (younger homonym of Vespa tripunctata Fabricius, 1787). The Russian researcher Alexander Andrejewitsch Birula named it in 1930 " Vespula norvegica saxonica morpha ingrica ", this name is also not available because it was not formed according to the rules of the ICZN . Therefore, after a description as Vespa omissa by the entomologist Hans Bischoff in 1931, the species must be called Vespula omissa . Thuringia and Tyrol are given as type localities. Contrary to older assumptions, the host species Dolichovespula sylvestris is not the closest related species within the genus Dolichovespula . Dolichovespula adulterina ( i.e. another cuckoo's wasp) was identified as a sister species based on morphological features , and according to genetic data a clade from this and Dolichovespula arctica

swell

literature

  • Rolf Witt: Wasps. Observe, determine. Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1998, ISBN 3-89440-243-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Stefan Tischendorf, Martin Engel, Hans-Joachim wing, Ulrich Frommer, Christian Geske, Karl-Heinz Schmalz: Atlas of the fold wasps of Hesse. Hessen Forst, Service Point for Forest Management and Nature Conservation: FENA Knowledge, Volume 3. 260 pages, Giessen, 1st edition 2015. ISBN 978-3-9814181-2-5 . Dolichovespula omissa on pp. 198-199.
  2. a b c Horst Woydak (2006): Hymenoptera Aculeata Westfalica. The fold wasps of North Rhine-Westphalia (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea; Vespidae and Eumenidae) (social paper wasps and clay wasps). Treatises from the Westphalian Museum of Natural History 68 (1): 1–133. Dolichovespula omissa on pp. 94-95.
  3. ^ Libor Dvořák & Stuart PM Roberts (2006): Key to the paper and social wasps of Central Europe (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 46: 221-244.
  4. ^ A b James M. Carpenter & Jun-ichi Kojima (1997): Checklist of the species in the subfamily Vespinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Natural History Bulletin Ibaraki University 1: 51-92.
  5. Erol Yildirim (2012): The distribution and biogeography of Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) in Turkey. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 36 (1): 23-42.
  6. Libor Dvořák, Hassan Gahari, James M. Carpenter, Roohollah Abbasi (2012): On the distribution and taxonomy of vespine wasps of Iran (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 97 (2): 69-86.
  7. Zahra Rahmani, Ehsan Rakhshani, James Michael Carpenter (2020): Updated Checklist of Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) in Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 6 (1): 27-86.
  8. ^ Rolf Witt: Wasps. Observe, determine. Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1998, ISBN 3-89440-243-1 .
  9. Michael E. Archer (2006): Taxonomy, distribution and nesting biology of species of the genus Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Entomological Science 9: 281-293. doi: 10.1111 / j.1479-8298.2006.00174.x
  10. ^ Christian Schmid-Egger (2010): Red List of Wasps in Germany. Ampulex 1: 5-39.
  11. James M. Carpenter & Estelle P. Perera (2006): Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae). American Museum Novitates 3507, 1-19.
  12. Federico Lopez-Osorio, Adrien Perrard, Kurt M. Pickett, James M. Carpenter, Ingi Agnarsson (2015): Phylogenetic tests reject Emery's rule in the evolution of social parasitism in yellowjackets and hornets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae). Royal Society open science 2: article 150159. doi: 10.1098 / rsos.150159