Water diary
In a Water Show book the legally relevant results of an official visit to the aquatic environment, the so-called were water show (now mostly water show ) noted. For a water show, so-called show commissions are formed within the framework of water law , which examine the “naturally flowing waters and the water protection areas”. A record of the results of a water show will be drawn up today, which will be given to all those involved; previously the results were entered in a water log, which was updated during the next inspection.
Historical background
There are first codifications in the corpus iuris civilis of the Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I (482-565 AD) about the right of ownership and use of the water . Here the distinction was made between private and public waters, with continuously flowing waters and the sea being regarded as public waters; The respective sovereign was able to earn income from the use of public waters. In 1158 Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa also counted the water shelf to the royal regalia in German law . In the 13th century these legal claims passed to clerical and secular princes. In German law, navigability or floodability was seen as the distinguishing feature for waters that are subject to the royal spell . The water law applicable today has developed from this through many intermediate stages .
Amberger Wasserschaubücher
With the lending of rights of use to water bodies to the owners of mills or ironworks and the collection of shipping tariffs, the sovereign raised high revenues. This was particularly true of the Upper Palatinate , where natural conditions (ore and forest abundance, water power) allowed a dense network of iron hammers to develop and which was known as the "Ruhr area of the Middle Ages".
In order to secure this income, it was necessary to check the condition of the usable rivers and to initiate appropriate measures to repair damage. This happened through the so-called water shows, which were a privilege of the sovereign. This was also the property of the water books. The water shows were carried out by the "jury of the Pfaltz Wasserschawer" . This commission consisted of the chief official of the government of the land judge (or a teacher as his deputy), then the land judge clerk, a witness master as a hydraulic engineering expert and two knowledgeable citizens as lay assessors; The owner or hammer master of the work being examined were also members of the commission.
The Amberg State Archives contain five water graphs about the water shows on the Vils, mainly from the 16th century, including first writings by the district court clerk Hans Pachmar from 1567/68 to copies from the 17th century. Results from earlier water shows (1476, 1526, 1540, 1544, 1547, 1554, 1559) are documented in an extract.
Measurements of the height of fall , the length and width of the drop , the height of the calibration pile and the height of the wall on the bed channel were recorded . The Amberger Stadtschuh (0.299966 m), consisting of twelve inches (0.02499 m), was used as a measure. Corresponding measures were also ordered or penalties issued in the event of improper conditions, as the following examples show.
“ Gumpenhof” “In the water chart of 1567, a certain water level is specified in the event that there is no forging; to do this, the owner should open the weir. ... At the water show on May 29, 1571 it is found that the hammer wants to go off, which is why the owner is ordered not to use some water and the above shooters; however, he is left with the amount of water necessary for grinding. "
“ Simply the mill” “Water show held on Sunday after Boniface 1540. The owner of the mill should set up the fall boards so that they can be raised on the holidays. At the water show on May 30th, 1571 it is found that the fall boards have not yet been erected, which is why he is punished with 5 pounds pfennig to make up for it. "
The water books are important sources for the local late medieval and early modern industrial and mining history .
literature
Rudolf Regulator: Mills and hammer mills on the Vils. From the water books of the Amberg city archive. Die Oberpfalz , Volume 47, 1959, pp. 206-209, 223-225 and 289-293.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Water show
- ↑ LUBW State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg (publisher): Water show - more than a mandatory task. Basics, organization and implementation. Karlsruhe, February 2015. PDF
- ↑ This has nothing to do with the hydromantic water show , ie the " fortune-telling art from the water".
- ↑ § 93 LWaG - Wasserschau, show commission of the water law of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (LWaG)
- ↑ Bavarian Water Act (BayWG) of February 25, 2010
- ^ Walter Zitzelsberger: The new water law for operational practice. 2002, accessed on February 20, 2018 (German).
- ↑ K. Erga: The Ruhr area of the Middle Ages. Oberpfälzer Heimat , Volume 5, 1960, pp. 7-25.
- ^ E. Seydel: The great mining area of the Middle Ages. Das Bayerland , Volume 60, 1958, pp. 338-341.