Willow carmine

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Willow carmine
Catocala electa01.jpg

Willow carmine ( Catocala electa )

Systematics
Superfamily : Noctuoidea
Family : Owl butterfly (Noctuidae)
Subfamily : Catocalinae
Tribe : Catocalini
Genre : Catocala
Type : Willow carmine
Scientific name
Catocala electa
( Vieweg , 1790)

The willow carmine ( Catocala electa ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the owl butterflies (Noctuidae).

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 72 to 76 millimeters. The top of the forewings is gray with a light brownish smudge and an over-dusting of individual dark brown scales . The drawing consists of an oblique, black-edged inner transverse line that bends back sharply at the dorsum, and a strongly jagged, irregular outer transverse line. This is characterized by two strong teeth that arise from the disk. The kidney blemish is remarkably small, brown in color, and outlined in black. It is connected to the front edge by two diverging lines. The dark internural seam spots are distally bounded by light spots. The hind wings are colored red with a wide, black and clearly kinked median band, which, however, does not reach the rear edge of the wings, as well as a very wide black band in the border area. The latter contrasts strongly with the white fringes. The underside of the forewings is white with three gray-black bands in the area of ​​the inner transverse line, the outer transverse line and in the area of ​​the border area. The fringes are white. The underside of the hind wings is white with a slightly reddish dorsal area. The middle transverse line is of irregular thickness, the outer band is almost regular. The fringes are again white. However, the color and pattern of the wings are somewhat variable and lead to some aberrations. The off. nigra has black-brown fore wings that ab. lugdunensis has yellow colored hind wings and the ab. excellens completely dark hind wings. The black bands only stand out from the basic color by an even more intense black; the red color was replaced by a black.

The egg is gray-green with two red bands; the upper band extends into the micropyl zone. It is flattened and hemispherical at the bottom. The surface is covered by 40 strong longitudinal ribs, of which about 20 reach the micropyl zone.

The caterpillars are 55 to 65 mm long. They are dark yellow or gray; they are covered with fine, black points and with yellow point warts. On the 8th segment there is a lenticular, yellow-colored elevation with a black border, on the 11th segment two pointed processes. The head is light brown with darker markings, reddish brown in front.

The doll has a slim habit. The Kremaster is blunt, looks a bit wrinkled and is covered with curved hook bristles. It is typically frosted blue.

Similar species

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area extends from southern, central and eastern Europe, western Siberia to the Russian Far East , Korea , northern China and Japan. It is absent in many regions in the extreme south of Europe and on the Mediterranean islands. It is also absent in northern Russia, Scandinavia, and probably also in the British Isles (apart from rare immigrants). The moths migrate; therefore, moths are often found in areas (e.g. Scandinavia) where they are not indigenous. The area boundaries are therefore often difficult to determine. The species is found in the Alps up to an altitude of 1400 meters. The frequency is very different in the individual areas.

The species prefers to live on floodplains, river plains, banks of flowing water with dense vegetation and moist gardens and parks where willows grow. As a result, the willow carmine is found in more humid places than the Red Order ribbon .

Way of life

The willow carmine is univoltine , i.e. H. he only forms one generation a year. The moths fly from mid-July to late September. The flight time is shorter in the mountains than in the lower and warmer areas. The moths are nocturnal, get the bait , but rarely get artificial light sources. The caterpillars can be found in May and June. The caterpillars eat the leaves, especially of narrow-leaved willow , as willows , purple willow ( Salix purpurea ) and crack willow ( Salix fragilis ), and subordinated to the leaves of poplar ( Populus ). The movements of the young caterpillars can be described as tension-like.

The wintering takes place in the ice stage.

Hazard and protection

The willow carmine is considered endangered in Germany. However, the species is or was probably only native to a few federal states (Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Brandenburg, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony). In Brandenburg the species is considered to be extinct.

Taxonomy

Goater et al. (2003) recognize two subspecies:

  • Catocala electa electa , the nominate subspecies, in the western Palearctic
  • Catocala electa zalmunna Butler, 1877, Far East (Russian Far East, North China, Korea, Japan)

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Goater et al. 2003: p. 99/100.
  2. ↑ a b c Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
  3. ↑ a b c Ebert et al. 1997: pp. 456-460.
  4. ↑ GS Zolotarenko, VV Dubatolov: A Check-List of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) of the Russian Part of the West Siberian Plain. In: Far Eastern Entomologist. 94, 2000, ISSN  1026-051X , pp. 1-23. PDF
  5. ↑ UKMoths - Catocala electa
  6. ↑ a b Red Lists at Science4you

literature

  • Günter Ebert: The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 5, Moth III. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-8001-3481-0 .
  • Manfred Koch : We determine butterflies. Volume 3: Owls. 2nd, expanded edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1972, DNB 760072930 .
  • Barry Goater, Lázló Ronkay, Michael Fibiger: Catocalinae & Plusiinae. - Noctuidae Europaeae, Volume 10. Sorø 2003, ISBN 87-89430-08-5 .

Web links

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