Viktor Franzewitsch Gaidukewitsch

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Viktor Franzevich Gaidukevich ( Russian Виктор Францевич Гайдукевич ; alternative transliteration Viktor Francevič Gajdukevič ; born October 30 . Jul / 12. November  1904 greg. In St. Petersburg ; † 9. October 1966 in Kerch ) was a Soviet classical archaeologist who particularly around deserved exploration of the Bosphoran Empire .

After studying in Leningrad , in 1928 he went to the Archaeological Museum of the city of Kerch in the Crimea and took part in excavations in Phanagoreia , Kytaia and Chersonese . Just two years later, he received a position as an aspirant at the State Academy for the History of Material Culture (GAIMK), the leading archaeological institute in the Soviet Union. After completing his apprenticeship, he completed his habilitation and became professor of classical archeology at the University of Leningrad , but continued to work at the GAIMK.

The scientific activity of Gaidukevich focused on the archeology of the Crimea . From 1934 he organized the "Bosporus Expedition" initiated by him for many years. Its task was to research the smaller ancient Greek colony cities around the Strait of Kerch (the so-called " Cimmerian Bosporus"), from which in the 5th century BC. The Bosporan Empire emerged. One of the most important research results of Gaidukewitsch is the excavation and documentation of the fortress Iluraton . In addition, he excavated the settlements of Tiritaka and Mirmeky and researched ancient Uzbek cultures in 1942/1943 during archaeological investigations on the occasion of the construction of the Farkhad Dam .

In addition to the concrete research into the monuments and other archaeological remains, he also tried to shed light on their historical background: His interest was particularly the diverse economic and cultural relationships and mutual acculturation between the Greek colonists on the one hand and the indigenous population of the northern Black Sea coast on the other. In several individual studies, he examined the ancient handicrafts in the Bosporan region, especially ceramic production, weaving and viticulture. His main work is the "History of the Bosporan Empire", first published in Russian in 1949. In 1971 it was expanded and completely updated and published posthumously by Gottfried Janke in a German version. The 600-page book is still considered a standard work in Western European research and contains both a detailed presentation of the archaeological and literary findings on the topic as well as an analysis of the most important research questions, although it no longer reflects the current state of research.

Works (selection)

  • 1934: Античные керамические обжигательные печи. По раскопкам в Керчи и Фанагории в 1929—1931 гг. ("Antique ceramic ovens. The excavations in Kerch and Phanagoria 1929–1931.")
  • 1949: Боспорское царство ("The Bosporan Empire.")
    • German translation 1971: The Bosporan Empire. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, with Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., Vienna / Cologne / Graz.
  • 1952: К вопросу о ткацком ремесле в боспорских поселениях ("On the weaving trade in the Bosporan settlements.")
  • 1958: Виноделие на Боспоре ("Winemaking in the Bosporan Empire.")
  • 1959: Некрополи некоторых боспорских городов ("The necropolises of some Bosporan cities.") In: Материалы и исследования по археования по архалы, 195 , p. 69.
  • 1959: Мирмекий. ("Myrmecion")
  • 1962: Еще о восстании Савмака. ("Again on the Saumakos uprising") In: Вестник древней истории ("Journal of Ancient History"), 1962, number 1.
  • 1963: Раскопки Мирмекия (1956–1961) ("The excavations in Myrmekion.")

literature

  • Gaydukevich, Viktor Frantsevich. In: Andrew I. Lebed, Heinrich E. Schulz, Stephen S. Taylor (eds.): Who's who in the USSR 1965-66. 2nd edition, Scarecrow Press, New York / London 1966, p. 252.
  • Gottfried Janke: Foreword. In: Viktor F. Gajdukevič: The Bosporan Empire. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, with Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., Vienna / Cologne / Graz 1971, p. 9 f.
  • Jochen Fornasier, Burkhard Böttger: The Bosporan Empire. On the research history of an ancient state at the Pontos Euxeinos. In: Same (ed.): The Bosporan Empire. The northeast of the Black Sea in antiquity ( Zabern's illustrated books on archeology ). Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2002, ISBN 3-8053-2895-8 , pp. 7-20, here pp. 18 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gaydukevich, Viktor Frantsevich. In: Andrew I. Lebed, Heinrich E. Schulz, Stephen S. Taylor (eds.): Who's who in the USSR 1965-66. 2nd edition, Scarecrow Press, New York / London 1966, p. 252.
  2. ↑ Jochen Fornasier, Burkhard Böttger: Das Bosporanische Reich. On the research history of an ancient state at the Pontos Euxeinos. In: Same (ed.): The Bosporan Empire. The northeast of the Black Sea in antiquity ( Zabern's illustrated books on archeology ). Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2002, ISBN 3-8053-2895-8 , pp. 7–20, here p. 19.
personal data
SURNAME Gaidukewitsch, Viktor Franzewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gajdukevič, Viktor Francevič
BRIEF DESCRIPTION soviet classical archaeologist
DATE OF BIRTH November 12, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH October 9, 1966
Place of death Kerch