Game and cattle disease

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The game and cattle epidemic (syn. Hemorrhagic septicemia of cattle , pasteurellosis of cattle ) is an animal disease caused by Pasteurella multocida . In Austria it is notifiable . Wildlife and cattle disease is one of the notifiable animal diseases recorded by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).

Pathogen

Only serotypes B and E of Pasteurella multocida , which are characterized by the capsule antigens B and E, are considered pathogens for the wild and cattle epidemic . Capsules influence the virulence of P. multocida as they protect the bacterium from phagocytosis by the host's unspecific immune defense .

Other known serotypes (A, D and F) can also cause pasteurellosis in ruminants, but also pigs and poultry that are not classified as wild and cattle disease , such as calf pasteurellosis , sniffing disease in pigs or poultry cholera . In addition, less virulent strains are also involved in secondary infections associated with other respiratory diseases.

Occurrence

For the wildlife and cattle disease bovine , buffalo (also referred to herein as "buffalo disease"), zebu , bison , camels , deer , red , fallow deer and wild boar , reindeer , yaks and elephants receptive.

The wild and cattle epidemic still occurs today mainly in Africa and Asia, although several thousand animals can be affected here, as in the case of the mass extinction of the endangered saiga antelopes in 2010 and 2015. In the rest of the world, the following applies this epidemic as largely eradicated. Individual outbreaks with a regionally restricted character, which, however, cannot be compared with the major epidemics of the 18th century, also occur in other parts of the world. The most recent cases in Europe were in Poland and Malta in 2001 or in Spain in 2010 and 2013. In Germany, the last cases were observed in 1986 and 2010, in Austria and Switzerland no cases have been registered since the OIE introduced mandatory reporting.

In Germany, the wild and cattle epidemic was made notifiable in 1909 with the 2nd Reichsviehseuchengesetz, but this obligation to notify has now been dropped because the disease is no longer viewed as an acute threat and the animal disease in Germany has been eradicated. In Austria, however, there is still an obligation to notify.

Clinical picture

The incubation period is one to three days. The clinical picture is variable, a distinction is made between different forms.

The peracute form is characterized by sudden high fever, weakness, dry mucous membranes, refusal to feed and a drop in milk yield. Bloody diarrhea, bloody nasal discharge, or bloody urine may occur. This is a septicemia that leads to rapid death.

Acute courses show up in an edematous form with high-grade edema in the subcutaneous tissue, conjunctivitis, dry mucous membranes, shortness of breath, cyanosis of the tongue which often leads to death within a few days. Miscarriages can occur in pregnant cows . The pectoral shape is characterized by croupy pneumonia with shortness of breath, impaired rumen motor and bowel motility and bloody diarrhea. Even with this form, death usually occurs within a week.

Chronic courses with milder symptoms are rare.

therapy

The therapeutic use of Pasteurella immune serum or bovine antibodies and antibiotics is possible. Diseased animals are to be separated immediately to prevent them from spreading to the herd.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ MA Wilson, RB Rimler, LJ Hoffman: Comparison of DNA fingerprints and somatic serotypes of serogroup B and E Pasteurella multocida isolates. In: Journal of clinical microbiology. Volume 30, Number 6, June 1992, pp. 1518-1524. PMID 1378060 , PMC 265321 (free full text).
  2. ↑ Information on acute pasteurellosis in game and cattle (hemorrhagic septicemia). August 30, 2010, archived from the original on September 10, 2012 ; Retrieved March 16, 2012 .
  3. ↑ 12000 saiga antelope dead in Kazakhstan. (No longer available online.) June 8, 2010, archived from the original on February 28, 2013 ; accessed on March 16, 2012 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wwf.panda.org
  4. ↑ 20,000 saiga antelopes in Kazakhstan died within a few days. Retrieved May 21, 2015 .
  5. ↑ La Junta cifra en 141 los ciervos muertos por un bread que “está remitiendo”. August 18, 2010, accessed September 10, 2015 (Spanish).
  6. ↑ D. Risco, P. Fernández-Llario, JM Cuesta, WL García-Jiménez, M. Gil, P. Gonçalves, R. Martínez, L. Gómez, A. García, J. Rey, M. Hermoso de Mendoza, JH Hermoso de Mendoza: Fatal outbreak of systemic pasteurellosis in a wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) population from southwest Spain. In: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. Volume 25, Number 6, Nov 2013, pp. 791-794. PMID 24081934 .
  7. ↑ Acute pasteurellosis (hemorrhagic septicemia) in Saxony-Anhalt and Brandenburg. (PDF; 7.1 MB) December 1, 2010, accessed on March 16, 2012 .
  8. ↑ D. Soike, C. Schulze, P. Kutzer, B. Ewert, E. van der Grinten, A. Schliephake, C. Ewers, A. Bethe, J. Rau: [Acute pasteurellosis in fallow deer, cattle and pigs in a region of Eastern Germany]. In: Berlin and Munich veterinary weekly. Volume 125, Number 3-4, Mar-Apr 2012, ISSN  0005-9366 , pp. 122-128. PMID 22515030 .

literature

  • W. Boden, D. Schimmel: Pasteurella infections. In: J. Beer (ed.): Infectious diseases of domestic animals. 2nd Edition. Fischer-Verlag Jena 1980, pp. 479-498.