Wild plant

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Wild plants (including poppies, chamomile, field pansies) as weeds in cereal cultivation (here: Einkorn)

A wild plant or wild plant is a plant that has its habitat in the wild or in nature and that keeps itself alive without human help (e.g. irrigation , fertilization , pest control, etc.).

In contrast to human breeding , i.e. H. Cultivated plants developed through selection, crossing and other genetic manipulation, wild plants are the result of continuous evolutionary adaptation of plants to environmental conditions.

Wild plants as location indicators

The appearance of certain wild plants with relatively low ecological potency on cultivated as well as non-cultivated sites can be an indication of the nature of the soil or the subsoil, the presence of pollutants or, on cultivated land, signs of incorrect management (so-called pointer plants ). For example, the increased, extensive occurrence of broad- leaved plantain on pastures is an indicator of an overstocking with animals.

use

Although man has cultivated numerous cultivated plant species since the Neolithic Revolution , he continues to use wild plants in a variety of ways. Wild plants serve, for example, as components of species-rich grassland to feed roughage-eating livestock and, as wild vegetables or wild herbs, also directly for human nutrition. The collection (and in some cases cultivation in different garden types ) of wild plants as medicinal plants is still common . In landscaping, local and site-specific wild plants are increasingly used for greening, in order to a. to preserve the genetic diversity of a mixture of cultivated and wild plants and to counteract the further establishment of neophytes ..

literature

  • Walter Dietl, Josef Lehmann: Ecological meadow construction. avBUCH in Österreichischer Agrarverlag, Leopoldsdorf 2006, ISBN 3-7040-1919-4 , p. 14.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ulrich Sachweh (editor): The gardener, Volume 3, tree nursery, fruit growing, seed growing, vegetable growing. 2nd edition, Ulmer, Stuttgart 1986/1989, ISBN 3-8001-1148-9 , p. 303.
  2. ^ Klaus-Ulrich Heyland (editor): Special plant cultivation. 7th edition, Ulmer, Stuttgart 1952/1996, ISBN 3-8001-1080-6 , p. 18 ff., Also on other wild plants as pointer plants in grassland.
  3. ↑ Christina Becela-Deller: Ruta graveolens L. A medicinal plant in terms of art and cultural history. (Mathematical and natural scientific dissertation Würzburg 1994) Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1998 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 65). ISBN 3-8260-1667-X , pp. 99–105 ( The Garden of the Middle Ages , Monastery Garden ), here: p. 104.
  4. ^ Klaus-Ulrich Heyland (editor): Special plant cultivation. 7th edition, Ulmer, Stuttgart 1952/1996, ISBN 3-8001-1080-6 , p. 143 ff.
  5. ^ Website of the Association of German Wild Seeds u. -plant producers on the reasons for using wild plants for greening measures, accessed on December 28, 2010 .