Wild vegetables

As wild vegetables or wild herbs are called annual or perennial edible wild plants , as vegetables can be used. It is often difficult for the layperson to distinguish between these two terms. The plants or plant parts of wild vegetables can be consumed raw or cooked and often have an intense aroma. In contrast to cultivated plants, wild herbs are often referred to as weeds because of their lower economic importance as a useful plant or lack of usability .

List of edible wild vegetables

The list contains a selection of well-known wild vegetables and herbs that can be collected for consumption in the European distribution area. In the literature, plants with low toxicity are also often referred to as edible. This list does not include most of these plants. So is z. B. Coltsfoot, although edible , contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids , the breakdown products of which can lead to liver dysfunction. Comfrey ( see use ) or marsh marigolds ( see use ), for example, also contain plant toxins that can be harmful to humans. Plants listed here, such as the dandelion or the Gute Heinrich , which are among the "classic" wild herbs, can affect human health if they are consumed in large quantities. Other edible plants such as fever clover are also not listed, as these plants are considered endangered and, according to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance, may not be removed from nature without permission.

Contents A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A.

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Thistle, Cirsium arvense	whole plant, young leaves	Tea, salad
	Field mint, Mentha arvensis	herb	Tea, salad → see also use
	Field horsetail Equisetum arvense	young spring and summer shoots	Blood purification tea → see also use Confusion with the toxic swamp horsetail possible
	Field mustard Sinapis arvensis	Seeds, leaves, flower buds, herbaceous parts	Spice, vegetables → see also use
	Alpine thistle Cirsium spinosissimum	young shoots	Soup, spinach substitute → see also use
	Dock, blunt-leaved Rumex obtusifolius	Leaves, seeds	Salad, soup, spinach substitute, spices → see also use

B.

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Bachbunge Veronica beccabunga	leaves	Salad → see also use
	Barbara's herb, Barbarea vulgaris	herb	Salad, vegetables, spinach substitute → see also use
	Wild garlic Allium ursinum	whole plant, leaves	Spices, vegetables, soup, pesto , wild garlic cheese → see also use
	Bearwort Meum athamanticum	Herb, roots	Spice, Bärwurz schnapps → see also use
	Mugwort Artemisia vulgaris	leaves	Spice → see also use
	Flavored herbs Erigeron	herb	Tea, salad
	Beaverella Pimpinella	root	Tea → see also use
	Birch trees Betula	Birch sap , young leaves	Birch champagne , tea, salad → see also use
	Tormentil Potentilla erecta	whole plant	Liqueur, schnapps, tea → see also use
	Borage Borago officinalis	leaves	Salad, soup, green sauce → see also use
	Braunelle, large-flowered Prunella grandiflora	Leaves, blossom	Salad → see also use
	Plantain Plantago major	Leaves, buds	Tea, salad, soup, spice
	Nettle Urtica dioica, Urtica urens	young shoots, leaves	Tea, salad, nettle spinach , soup, nettle cheese → see also use
	Watercress Nasturtium officinale	whole plant	Salad, soup, vegetables, spices → see also use

D.

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Dost Origanum vulgare	whole plant	Spice → see also use

E.

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Angelica Angelica archangelica	Root, seed	Spice, liqueur, schnapps → see also use

F.

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Corn salad Valerianella	leaves	Salad → see also use
	Wild thyme thymus	whole plant	Spice → see also use
	Rock pear, common Amelanchier ovalis	fruit	Jam → see also use
	Spruce, common Picea abies	young shoots	Jam, honey, desserts → see also use
	Flight oats Avena fatua	grain	Flour, oatmeal, porridge

G

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Daisy Bellis perennis	Leaves, flowers, buds	Salad, caper substitute → see also use
	Fingerweed Argentina anserina	leaves	Tea → see also use
	Goosefoot, White Chenopodium album	Leaves, sprouts, seeds	Grits , spinach substitute, flour → see also food plant
	Garden cress Lepidium sativum	Leaflets, stems, seeds	Salad, raw vegetables, sauce, spices → see also use
	Vegetable goose thistle Sonchus oleraceus	leaves	Salad → see also use
	Giersch Aegopodium podagraria	leaves	Salad, vegetables → see also use
	Gundermann Glechoma hederacea	leaves	Salad, spice → see also use
	Günsel, Creeping Ajuga reptans	Leaves, flowers	Tea → see also usage
	Good Heinrich Chenopodium bonus-henricus	Leaves, shoots	Vegetables, spinach substitutes, asparagus substitutes, confectionery → see also use

H

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Hawkweed, Lesser Hieracium pilosella	whole plant	tea
	Hederich Raphanus raphanistrum	Seeds	Mustard , cooking oil → see also use
	Shepherd's purse Capsella , especially: Ordinary shepherd's purse Capsella bursa-pastoris	leaves	Salad, tea → see also use
	Hollow tooth, yellow Galeopsis segetum	Leaves, flowers	Tea → see also use
	Hop Humulus lupulus	Sprouts, umbels	Hop asparagus , tea, schnapps, liqueur, beer → see also use
	Hop clover Medicago lupulina	whole plant	Vegetables → see also use
	Dog Rose Rosa canina	rosehips	Tea, jam, wine → see also use

J

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	St. John's Wort, Genuine Hypericum perforatum	whole plant	Tea → see also use

K

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Sweet flag Acorus calamus	root	Tea, spices, liqueurs, desserts → see also use
	Chamomile Matricaria chamomilla	blossoms	Tea → see also use
	Nasturtium Tropaeolum	Leaves and flowers of the large nasturtium ( Tropaeolum majus L.) Tubers of the bulbous nasturtium ( Tropaeolum tuberosum )	Salad, vegetables → see also use
	Clover trifolium	Flowers, leaves	Salad, honey, jam → see also use
	Burdock, Great Arctium lappa	young leaves	Vegetables → see also use
	Garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata	leaves	Seasoning, sauce, salad → see also use
	Button herb, small-flowered Galinsoga parviflora	young stems, leaves	Salad, vegetables → see also use
	Cabbage thistle, Cirsium oleraceum	Leaves, root	Vegetables → see also use
	Caraway seeds Carum carvi	whole plant, seeds	Spice, soup, salad, spirits → see also use

L.

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Bedstraws Galium	whole plant	Cheese production → see also use
	Larch larix	Needles	honey
	Linden Tilia	Linden flowers , buds, leaves	Tea, caper substitutes, vegetables → see also use
	Spoonbill Cochlearia officinalis	leaves	Spice, salad → see also use
	Dandelion Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia	Leaves, flowers, roots, buds	Syrup, jelly, spread, salad, substitute coffee , caper substitute → see also use
	Lungwort, Pulmonaria officinalis	leaves	Tea → see also use

M.

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Meadowsweet, Genuine Filipendula ulmaria	all parts of plants, flowers, roots, shoots	Tea, desserts and fruit dishes, sorbet , wine → see also use
	Mallow, Wild Malva sylvestris	Flowers, leaves, shoots, young fruits	Tea, salad, vegetables → see also use
	Marguerites Leucanthemum	whole plant	Salad, vegetables
	Whitebeam, real Sorbus aria	fruit	Flour, jam → see also use
	Sign Atriplex	young leaves	Salad, spinach substitute → see also use
	Carrot, Wild Daucus carota	Root, seed	Salad, vegetables, carrot seed oil

N

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Evening primrose, Common Oenothera biennis	Root, leaves, flowers, seeds	Vegetables → see also use
	Clove Geum	Root, leaves, flowers, seeds	Spice, salad, liqueur → see also use

P

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Parsnip Pastinaca	Root, leaves, flowers, seeds	Vegetables, puree, spreads, liqueurs, beer, spices, syrups, desserts → see also use
	Pepper knotweed Persicaria hydropiper	Seeds, leaves	Spices, pepper substitutes, salad → see also use
	Arrow herb Sagittaria sagittifolia	Tubers	Vegetables → see also use
	Pennywort Lysimachia nummularia	whole plant	Tea → see also use
	Common pea, Tuberous Lathyrus tuberosus	Tubers	Vegetables, cooking oil, substitute coffee → see also use
	Purslane Portulaca oleracea	Leaves, buds, stems	Vegetables, lettuce, herbs, caper substitutes → see also use

Q

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Couch grass Elymus repens ssp. repens	Root, runners	Flour, salad, soup, syrup, substitute coffee, alcohol production → see also use
	Samphire Salicornia europaea agg.	sharpen	Vegetables, salad → see also use

R.

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Rain cabbage Lapsana communis	young leaves	Salad, spinach substitute, aromatic herbs → see also use
	Rapunzel bellflower, Campanula rapunculus	Leaves, flowers, buds, unripe fruits	Salad, vegetables → see also use
	Rocket, Wild Diplotaxis tenuifolia	leaves	Salad, spice, pesto → see also use
	Cattail Typha	whole plant	Vegetables → see also use
	European beech Fagus sylvatica	Beechnuts , leaves	Cooking oil, flour, substitute coffee → see also use

S.

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Sorrel, Rumex acetosa	leaves	Salad, spinach substitute, soup, green sauce → see also use
	Tuberous wood sorrel Oxalis tuberosa	Tubers	Vegetables → see also use
	Shabby clover Trigonella caerulea	herb	Spice → see also use
	Yarrow Achillea	Leaves, shoots	Salad → see also use
	Foam herb, bitter cardamine amara	Leaves, shoots, flowers, stems, seeds	Soup, vegetables, spices → see also use
	Snake knotweed, Bistorta officinalis	Roots, leaves	Salad, vegetables → see also use
	Mustard, Black Brassica nigra	Seeds	Spice, mustard oil → see also use
	Ribwort plantain, Plantago lanceolata	Leaves, flowers	Salad, vegetables
	Pansy, Wild Viola tricolor	herb	Tea → see also use
	Sweet umbel Myrrhis odorata	Leaves, seeds	Spice → see also use

T

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Deadnettle, Purpurrote Lamium purpureum	blossoms	Tea → see also use
	Dead nettle, White Lamium album	young shoots	Vegetables → see also use
	Claytonia perfoliata Claytonia perfoliata	Leaves, stems, flowers	Salad, vegetables → see also use
	Devil's Claw, Spiked Phyteuma spicatum	Buds, leaves	Salad, vegetables → see also use
	Devil's Claw, Globular Phyteuma orbiculare	leaves	Vegetables, salad → see also use
	Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus	Tubers	Salad, vegetables, juice, syrup → see also use
	Spotted fern, common Polypodium vulgare	rhizome	Sweetener → see also use

V

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Violets, Fragrant Viola odorata	blossoms	Soup, sauces, salad, desserts, tea, liqueur → see also use
	Chickweed Stellaria media	leaves	Salad, tea → see also use

W.

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Juniper Juniperus communis	Berry	Spices, spirits, tea → see also use
	Forest speedwell, Veronica officinalis	young herb	Salad, vegetables → see also use
	Woodruff Galium odoratum	whole plant	May punch , syrup, desserts → see also use
	Wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella	Leaflets	Salad, sauce, soup → see also use
	Duckweed Lemnoideae	whole plant	Vegetable salad
	Water mint Mentha aquatica L. var. Aquativa	leaves	Tea, salad
	Rocket Sisymbrium officinale	Seeds, leaves	Spice → see also use
	Chicory Cichorium intybus	whole plant	Salad, vegetables, substitute coffee → see also use
	Willowherb, Narrow-leaved Epilobium angustifolium	Sprouts, roots, shoots, leaves	Vegetables, salad, asparagus substitutes, tea → see also use
	Hawthorn Crataegus	Fruits, flowers, leaves, kernels	Compote, jelly, juice, syrup, puree, flour, substitute coffee → see also use
	Wormwood Artemisia absinthium L.	whole plant	Tea, spirits, spices → see also use
	Meadow hogweed, Heracleum sphondylium	young leaves, sprouts, stalk	Vegetables, raw vegetables → see also use
	Meadow goatee Tragopogon pratensis and purple goatee Tragopogon porrifolius	whole plant	Vegetables → see also use
	Meadow chervil, Anthriscus sylvestris	leaves	Vegetables, spices, soup → see also use
	Wiesenknopf, Great Sanguisorba officinalis	leaves	seasoning
	Meadow sage Salvia pratensis	leaves	Spice → see also use
	Meadow foam herb Cardamine pratensis	Flowers, sprouts	Salad, soup, seasoning, sauce → see also use
	Meadow cowslip, Primula veris	young leaves	Salad → see also use
	Meadow cranesbill Geranium pratense	Flowers, leaves	salad

Z

image	Surname	Used plant parts	preparation
	Fence vetch Vicia sepium	Flowers, leaves	salad
	Lemon balm Melissa officinalis	leaves	Tea, salad → see also use

See also

• Edible wild plants
• List of kitchen spices (alphabetical)
• List of culinary herbs and aromatic plants (botanical)
• Wild berries
• Wild fruits
• Wild herbs
• Wild plant
• Edible mushroom
• Urkost

literature

• Horst Altmann: Poisonous plants and poisonous animals. Characteristics, toxic effects, first aid, therapy. Extras: indoor plants, large photo section of fruits, ornamental shrubs for the garden and school yard. 5th revised edition. BLV-Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich et al. 2003, ISBN 3-405-16255-6 .
• Eva-Maria Dreyer, Wolfgang Dreyer: Wild herbs, berries and mushrooms. Collect knowledge and enjoy. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10148-7 .
• Jean-Marie Dumaine: My wild plant kitchen. 100 recipes for gourmets. AT-Verlag, Baden et al. 2005, ISBN 3-85502-823-0 .
• Steffen Guido Fleischhauer, Jürgen Guthmann, Roland Spiegelberger: Encyclopedia of edible wild plants. 2000 plants from Central Europe. Determination, tips for collecting, ingredients, medicinal properties, use in the kitchen , AT-Verlag, Baden et al. 2013, ISBN 978-3-03800-752-4
• Steffen Guido Fleischhauer: Encyclopedia of the edible wild plants. 1500 plants from Central Europe. 3rd, completely revised edition. AT-Verlag, Aarau et al. 2005, ISBN 3-85502-889-3 .
• Steffen Guido Fleischhauer: Wild plant salads. Tips for collecting, plant portraits and 60 recipes. AT-Verlag, Baden et al. 2006, ISBN 3-03800-260-7 .
• Steffen Guido Fleischhauer, Jürgen Guthmann, Roland Spiegelberger: Edible wild plants. Identify and use 200 species. AT-Verlag, Baden et al. 2007, ISBN 978-3-03800-335-9 .
• Ralf Hiener, Olaf Schnelle, Anne Freidanck: Edible landscapes. Wild herbs. Nature & kitchen. 2nd Edition. Hädecke, Weil der Stadt 2006, ISBN 3-7750-0452-1 .
• Brigitte Klemme, Dirk Holtermann: Delicacies by the wayside. Un-herbs to enjoy. 7th edition. Rau, Dresdenorf 2002, ISBN 3-925691-25-1 .
• Elisabeth Mayer: Wild fruits, vegetables and herbs. Recognize, collect & enjoy. 3. Edition. Stocker, Graz et al. 2003, ISBN 3-7020-0835-7 .
• Joachim Niklas: Wild vegetables. More than a healthy alternative. With the collaboration of Edgar Gugenhan and Hagar Hartung. TRIAS, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-89373-493-7 .
• Detlev Henschel: Edible wild plants - Delicious foods from nature -: Fryss or Schtirb! Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-09154-6 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Wild vegetables  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

• Joe Vogel: Edible Plants . vivalranger.com.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ gift plants.com
2. ^ Dandelion page of the information center against poisoning of the University of Bonn
3. ↑ Chenopodium bonus-henricus at Plants For A Future
4. ↑ mdr.de ( Memento from May 6, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
5. ↑ ^{a b} planten.de