Marsh horsetail
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Marsh horsetail ( Equisetum palustre ) |
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The marsh horsetail or duwock ( Equisetum palustre ) is a species of the genus horsetail ( Equisetum ).
Description and ecology
The marsh horsetail is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 60, rarely up to 100 centimeters. The rhizomes of this geophyte extend over a meter into the ground.
The sterile and fertile ( sporangia-bearing ) shoots are designed the same, always grass-green and appear at the same time. The smooth to slightly rough stem has a diameter of up to 4 millimeters and is clearly ribbed. The branching is lively and plentiful. The side branches are strong, have four to five (rarely seven) ribs. The lower internode is shorter than the stem sheath. The central cavity takes an eighth to a third of the stem diameter. The stem leaf sheaths are not or hardly widened towards the tip. The four to twelve teeth are permanent, have a wide, white skin margin and are shorter than the vaginal tube.
The sporangial ear is blunt and has lengths of 10 to 30 millimeters. The spores ripen from June to September.
The marsh horsetail has a diploid chromosome set with a chromosome number 2n = 216.
Occurrence
The marsh horsetail is circumpolar widespread in the sub-oceanic areas of the meridional to boreal zone. In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, the Aer swamp horsetail is common or common.
The marsh horsetail grows in wet meadows, fens, on banks and in silted areas. It occurs in societies of the Molinietalia order, the Scheuchzerio-Caricetea class or the Calthion association. It rises to altitudes of around 1600 meters. In the Allgäu Alps it rises in Bavaria on the Schrecksee and in the Tyrolean part on the Hahnenkamm near Reutte to an altitude of 1,800 meters. It occurs in the collines up to the subalpine altitude .
Taxonomy
The first publication of Equisetum palustre was in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum .
Toxicity
The marsh horsetail is poisonous for grazing cattle because of its ingredients. Two substances are mainly responsible for the poisonous effect : Firstly, a thiaminase , which destroys vitamin B1 and is particularly toxic to horses and causes the animals to stumble. Second, the piperidine alkaloid palustrine (0.01–0.3%), which is retained in hay for years and which leads to a decrease in milk yield and symptoms of paralysis in cattle .
No poisoning is known in humans; Nevertheless, the marsh horsetail should not be included in tea mixtures. Also nicotine contained in plant parts.
Common names
For the marsh horsetail, the other German-language trivial names exist or existed : Dunop ( Hamburg ), Duub ( Holstein ), Duvub (Holstein), Duwak ( Mark Brandenburg ), Duwenwocke ( Hanover , Waldeck , Middle Low German ), Duwenwopp ( Pomerania ), Duwick ( Mecklenburg ), Duwock ( North Germany , middle Low German, neuniederdeutsch ) Duwocken (Northern Germany, middle Low German, neuniederdeutsch) Duwub (Holstein), Entenfleit ( Altmark ) Kattenstirt (Mecklenburg), Kattstert (Pomerania), cats tert (Mark Brandenburg), Kohdoot ( Norddithmarschen , Unterweser ), Ponytail ( Thuringia ), Pip`nstül (Altmark), Rugen (Mecklenburg) and Rugstirt (Mecklenburg).
supporting documents
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 13th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
- Lutz Roth , Max Daunderer , Kurt Kormann : Poison Plants - Plant Poisons. Poisonous plants from AZ. Emergency assistance. Occurrence. Effect. Therapy. Allergic and phototoxic reactions . 4th edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-933203-31-7 (reprint from 1994).
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 64 .
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 105.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 1061 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 141. ( online ).
Web links
- Equisetum palustre L., marsh horsetail. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Marsh horsetail . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Equisetum palustre L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (Swedish)
- Thomas Meyer: Horsetail data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
