Daisies

Daisies
	Marguerite ( Leucanthemum ), ; illustration: (2) zygomorphic ray flower with three corolla lobes, (3), (4) and (5) radial tubular flower .
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Asteroideae
Genre :	Daisies
Scientific name
	Leucanthemum
	Mill.

The daisies ( Leucanthemum ) are a plant genus in the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The genus currently includes 42 species.

The botanical name is derived from the ancient Greek λευκός leukós 'white' and ἄνθος ánthos 'blossom, flower'. The German common name is derived from the French marguerite from the ancient Greek μαργαρῖτης margarîtes for 'pearl'.

description

The kinds of daisies are short-lived to persistent and herbaceous. The leaf blades are designed undivided to pinnate; the basal leaves and the lower stem leaves are petiolate and the upper stem leaves are sessile. The heads have white ray florets and yellow tubular flowers and are rarely found without ray florets. The fruits of the achenes type are ribbed and equipped with mucous cells and secretion canals.

distribution

The species of the genus are native to Europe. One species even penetrates as far as Siberia ( Leucanthemum ircutianum ); it is named after the Siberian city of Irkutsk .

Polyploidy

The genus Leucanthemum represents a polyploid complex, i. that is, different species of the genus have different chromosome numbers. The basic number of chromosomes in the daisy genome is 9, so a diploid individual has 18 chromosomes. In addition to the presumably more original, diploid species, there were several speciation events in which the chromosome set was multiplied. Today you can find species with 36, 54, 72, 90 and 108 chromosomes. The Leucanthemum lacustre , which can only be found on a lagoon north of Lisbon , even has 198 chromosomes, which corresponds to 22 times the chromosome set.

Margeritenwiese in Küsnacht ZH

Black-rim marguerite ( Leucanthemum atratum )

species

The gracefully growing light-scaly daisy ( Leucanthemum chloroticum ) is widespread in the xerothermal limestone meadows of the Southeast Dinarides.

The genus of daisies ( Leucanthemum Mill. ) Includes numerous species. Here is a selection:

Mountain Marguerite ( Leucanthemum adustum (WDJKoch) Gremli ): It occurs in Europe.
Black-border marguerite ( Leucanthemum atratum (Jacq.) DC. , Syn .: Chrysanthemum atratum Jacq. ): It occurs only in Austria.
Scaly marguerite ( Leucanthemum chloroticum A. Kerner & Murbeck ): It is widespread on limestone sites of the sub-Adriatic south-east Dinarides in Montenegro, de Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia.
Mountain Marguerite ( Leucanthemum gaudinii Dalla Torre , Syn .: Chrysanthemum alpicola (Gremli) Hess & al. ): It occurs in Spain, France, Switzerland, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, the Ukraine and on the Balkan Peninsula in front.
Haller's Marguerite ( Leucanthemum halleri (Vitman) Ducommun , Syn .: Chrysanthemum halleri Vitman ): It occurs in Switzerland, Germany, Austria and Italy.
Different-leaved marguerite ( Leucanthemum heterophyllum (Willd.) DC. ): It occurs in France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia, but not in Germany.
Fettwiesen-Marguerite ( Leucanthemum ircutianum DC. , Syn .: Leucanthemum vulgare subsp. Ircutianum (DC.) Tzvelev , Chrysanthemum leucanthemum subsp. Triviale Gaudin ): It occurs in about five subspecies in Europe.
Leucanthemum lacustre (bread.) Samp. : The home is Portugal.
Steineralpen marguerite ( Leucanthemum lithopolitanicum (E. Mayer) Polatschek , Syn .: Chrysanthemum atratum subsp. Lithopolitanicum E. Mayer ): It occurs in Austria and Slovenia.
Leucanthemum maximum (Ramond) DC. : Your home is Spain and France. It is a neophyte in North America, Australia and New Zealand.
Meadow meadow daisy ( Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. , Syn .: Leucanthemum praecox (Horvatic) Horvatic ): It is native to Europe and Armenia, in North, South and Central America, in Africa, India, China, Australia and New Zealand it is a neophyte .

literature

Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .

Web links

Commons : Leucanthemum - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ The Euro + Med PlantBase " http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html "
^ Heinrich Tischner: German Etymology - Margerite
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Leucanthemum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Leucanthemum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
↑ Čedomil Šilić 1990: Endemične bilje . Svjetlost, Sarajevo. ISBN here p. 159

[1] The Euro + Med PlantBase " http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html "

[2] Heinrich Tischner: German Etymology - Margerite

[GRIN-3] Leucanthemum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 13, 2016.

[Euro+Med-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Leucanthemum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

[5] Čedomil Šilić 1990: Endemične bilje . Svjetlost, Sarajevo. ISBN here p. 159