Scaly daisy
| Scaly daisy | ||||||||||||
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Scaly marguerite ( Leucanthemum chloroticum ) in its natural habitat in Orjen |
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| Leucanthemum chloroticum | ||||||||||||
| A. Core. & Murb. |
The Hellschuppige Marguerite ( Leucanthemum chloroticum ) is a flowering plant in the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The scaly daisy is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 35 centimeters. It forms a rhizome that grows on the surface .
The upright stems are simply or less often divided into two to three branches. They are usually densely leafed. The basal leaves are long stalked, with three to seven pointed teeth towards the tip. The wedge-shaped lower stem leaves are 3 to 4 millimeters wide; they gradually narrow into a long stalk; with entire margins or towards the tip with three to seven pairs of splayed sharp teeth. The middle stem leaves are narrow-linear with a width of 2 to 3 millimeters and have a shorter petiole or are sessile; they have sharp edges, with teeth pointing forward at the tips or, less often, entire. With a width of 1 to 2 millimeters, the upper stem leaves are narrow-linear or seated and mostly with entire margins.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from June to July. At the end of the unbranched stem there is only a cup-shaped inflorescence . The flower head is relatively large with a diameter of 3 to 5 centimeters. The imbricated bracts are on the verge usually completely pale-green (which is specific epithet derived chloroticum and common name , rare ab) (especially the inner thereof) reasonably rust-brown edged and smooth, and with a sawed whitish shimmering border. The flower heads contain white ray and yellow tubular flowers .
The about 3 millimeters long and about 1 millimeter wide achenes is glabrous, shiny and has eight protruding, whitish-translucent longitudinal ribs. The indentations between the ribs are black.
The basic chromosome number is x = 7; there is hexaploidy with a chromosome number of 2n = 54.
Differentiation of similar species
The pale green bracts in particular distinguish similar species such as the black-rimmed marguerite .
Occurrence
The limestone light-scaly marguerite is endemic to the (sub-) alpine altitude range of the southeastern Dinarides and occurs here between the Neretva and the Prokletije Mountains in central and southern Dalmatia , Herzegovina and Montenegro . The northernmost place of discovery is the Mosor near Split.
She is one of the characteristic species of alpine calcareous grasslands of the order Crepidetalia dinaricae (inter alia the.. Oxytropidion dinaricae than Federation in the European) class of Blaugras- and nude Ried lawn (Elyno-Seslerietea) and occurs particularly in the following phytosociological associations to: Edraiantho-Dryadetum octopetalae ( Edraiantho serpyllifolii - Dryadetum octopetalae ) and Elyno-Edraianthetum serpyllifolii .
In addition, it is also found in the Dinaric snow valleys in the association Salicion retusae (characteristic of Salix retusa ).
Accompanying these are Dryas octopetala , Gentiana nivalis , Alchemilla hoppeana , Alchemilla flabellata , Anthyllis vulneraria , Aster alpinus , Helianthemum nummularium subsp. grandiflorum , Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. alpestre , Phyteuma orbiculare , Astrantia major , Polygala alpestris ; among the grasses occur Carex humilis , Carex kitaibeliana , Carex sempervirens , Festuca bosniaca , Festuca gr. violacea , Festuca koritnicensis , Sesleria wettsteinii , Sesleria tenuifolia and Sesleria robusta forth. In addition there: Achillea abrotanoides , Alchemilla velebitica , scardicum Allysum , scardicum Allysum , Asperula doerfleri , Cerastium dinaricum , Crepis Dinarica , Dianthus bertisceus , Dianthus bebius , Draba bertiscea , Edraianthus montenerginus , Edraianthus vesovicii , Edraianthus serpyllifolius , Gentianella laevicalyx , Gentianella albanica , Hedysarum silicii , Knautia midzorensis , Onobrychis bertiscea , Oxytropis dinarica , Pedicularis brachyodonta , Pedicularis ernesti-mayeri , Pedicularis malý , Phyteuma pseudoorbiculare , Valeriana pancicci , Viola zoysii and Wulfenia blecicci .
Furthermore, locations in xerothermal limestone meadows at altitudes of 1400 to 1800 meters in the plant-sociological order Scoronzero-Chrysopogonetalia are planted with populations of light-scaly marguerite .
Taxonomy
Leucanthemum chloroticum was discovered as a new species by Svante Samuel Murbeck in 1891 on the Velež at an altitude of about 1500 meters. Previously they had u. a. Pančić (1874) and Pantocsek (1873) given by Orjen as being identical to Leucanthemeum graminifolium .
Synonyms for Leucanthemum chloroticum A.Kern. & Murb. are: Leucanthemum graminifolim auct. balcanicum non (L.) Lam., Leucanthemum graminifolium subsp. chloroticum (A. Kern & Murb.) Hayek, Leucanthemum atratum subsp. chloroticum (A. Kern & Murb.) Horvatić.
protection
In 1982 Leucanthemum chloroticum was added to the list of rare, threatened and endemic species from the area of the former Yugoslavia by the "European Committee for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources". In the IUCN list of endangered species worldwide, it is rated as R = rare. In the Red Lists for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Leucanthemum chloroticum is classified in the category endangered = endangered.
literature
- Stjepan Horvatić: New contribution to the knowledge of the Leucanthemum forms in the flora of Yugoslavia. In: Acta Botanica. Inst. Bot. Univ. Zagebensis, 10, 1938, pp. 61-100.
- Dražena Papeš: B chromosomes of genus Leucanthemum in Yugoslavia. In: Genetika , Volume 3, 1971. pp. 261-270.
- Dražena Papeš: Cytotaxonomy and some evolutionary aspects of the genus Leucanthemum in Yugoslavia. In: D. Jordanov (Ed.): Problems of Balkan Flora and vegetation , 1975, pp. 187-193.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Čedomil Šilić: Endemične bilje . Svjetlost, Sarajevo 1990. ISBN?, P. 159
- ↑ Kamil Konowalik: Reconstructing reticulate relationships in the polyploid complex of Leucanthemum Mill. (Compositae, Anthemideae). Dissertation, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine Regensburg, 2015, p. 7 PDF.
- ↑ Biljana Lubarda, Vladimir Stupar, Đorđije Milanović, Vladimir Stevanović : Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular flora in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In: Botanica Serbica , Volume 38, 1, 2014, pp. 167-184 PDF.
- ↑ Stjepan Horvatić: New contribution to the knowledge of the Leucanthemum forms in the flora of Yugoslavia. In: Acta Botanica. Inst. Bot. Univ. Zagebensis, 10, 1938, 61-100. Here p. 74
- ↑ a b c D. Petrović, S. Hadžiablahović, S. Vuksanović, V. Mačić, D. Lakušić: Catalog of habitat types of EU importance of Montenegro. , 2012 (Final Version of the Catalog of Habitat Types for Montenegro). Here p. 54.
- ↑ Svante Murbeck: Contributions to the knowledge of the flora of South Bosnia and the Hercegovina : Lunds Universitets Arsskrift , 27, 1891. Here p. 109. (scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library : Leucanthemum chloroticum , Svante Murbeck 1891, p. 109)
- ^ List of rare, threatened and endemic plants in Europe. European Committee for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1983 List for 1983. Leucanthemum chloroticum
- ↑ Target Species - Species of European concern A database driven selection of plant and animal species for the implementation of the Pan European Ecological Network 2005
- ↑ Red List BiH (PDF) ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
