Bachbunge

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Bachbunge
Bachbunge (Veronica beccabunga)

Bachbunge ( Veronica beccabunga )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Plantain family (Plantaginaceae)
Tribe : Veroniceae
Genre : Speedwell ( Veronica )
Type : Bachbunge
Scientific name
Veronica beccabunga
L.

The brooklime ( Veronica beccabunga ), even Bach prize called, is a flowering plant in the family of Plantain Family (Plantaginaceae).

description

Bachbunge ( Veronica beccabunga ),
blue blossom on the left,
unripe dark green capsule fruit on the right
Opposite leaves and inflorescences
illustration

Vegetative characteristics

The Bachbunge is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 60 centimeters. It has a creeping rhizome . The cylindrical, fleshy stem is hollow. Of the elliptical, somewhat fleshy, frontally blunt, rounded leaves, the lower ones are particularly stalked. The leaf margin is sawn.

Generative characteristics

The racemose inflorescences arise from the leaf axils and contain 20 to 25 flowers. 4-part calyx, more or less turned back in the fruit. The sky-blue corolla have a diameter of 5 to 8 millimeters, the corolla is wheel-shaped with a very short tube, the 4 corolla lobes are almost the same size, the top slightly larger. The 2 stamens with long protruding stamens. The ovary above.

The shape of the 3 to 4 millimeter capsule fruits is comparable to that of blueberries . The planoconvex seeds are only 0.6 millimeters long and 0.06 mg in weight.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The Bachbunge is a perennial, evergreen, marsh plant with creeping, then upright stems at the bottom. Vegetative reproduction takes place through aboveground and underground runners , which make this plant species a crawling pioneer .

From an ecological point of view, these are female " nectar- bearing disc flowers" that are only fully open in the sun. Pollinators are mainly small hoverflies , more rarely bee relatives. There is also spontaneous self-pollination . The flowering period extends from May to August.

The capsule fruits open when wet, so they are hydrochas. The seeds spread as rainworms, in open water and in the mud there is also spreading by swimming, in addition spreading as watery and random spreading through water birds. Fruit ripening is from August / September to October.

A popular aquatic plant in trout streams . Various larvae live on the submerged parts of the plant . When the water level changes and the plant is deeply submerged in the water, it hibernates. Most of the time, the stream bunge is half-submerged in water.

Occurrence

The Bachbunge occurs in large parts of Europe, in the temperate zones of Asia, in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Ethiopia, in North Africa and on the Canary Islands. It occurs in moats, springs and streams, also on the banks of lakes and ponds, and prefers cool waters.

In Austria it occurs frequently in all federal states in the colline to subalpine altitude level on spring meadows, streams, in ditches and in the fringes of flowing waters. It is in Central Europe, a characteristic species of the association Sparganio-glycerion. It also comes in a form of Veronica beccabunga fo. submersa happiness under the water surface up to 2 meters water depth in the association Ranunculion fluitantis. In the Allgäu Alps, the Bachbunge in the Tyrolean part at the southern foot of the Sefenspitze rises to an altitude of 1900 meters.

Systematics

The first publication of Veronica beccabunga was in 1753 by Carl von Linné .

By Veronica beccabunga there are three subspecies:

  • Veronica beccabunga L. subsp. beccabunga : It occurs in Central, Southern, Eastern and Northern Europe, on the Canary Islands, in North Africa and in Ethiopia.
  • Veronica beccabunga subsp. abscondita M.A. Fish. : It occurs in Turkey, Armenia, the Caucasus, Iraq, Lebanon and Iran.
  • Veronica beccabunga subsp. muscosa (Korsh.) Jelen. : It occurs in India, Pakistan, Nepal, in West and Central Asia, in China and in Mongolia.

use

As a salad, the fresh stems and leaves are good for digestion, they contain a lot of vitamin C and can also be cooked into a (bitter) vegetable. Bachbungen Speedwell contains tannins , glycosides and flavonoids . It is said to have a blood-purifying, diuretic and skin-stimulating effect.

In 1857 Emil Adolf Roßäßler recommended Veronica beccabunga to set up an aquarium based on the local nature .

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Grau-Jung-Münker: The colored nature guides berries, wild vegetables, medicinal herbs Bertelsmann 1982, p. 124
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001, page 845. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  3. ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  4. ^ A b c d e Veronica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 451.
  6. ↑ a b c d Karol Marhold, 2011: Scrophulariaceae. : Datasheet Veronica beccabunga - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . last accessed on March 11, 2016
  7. ↑ Detlev Henschel: Edible wild berries and plants . Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-09154-6 , p. 162 .
  8. ^ Emil Adolf Rossmässler: The fresh water aquarium. A guide to making and maintaining the same. 1857, p. 9.

Web links

Commons : Bachbunge ( Veronica beccabunga )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files