Rapunzel Bellflower
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Rapunzel Bellflower ( Campanula rapunculus ) |
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The Rapunzel bellflower ( Campanula rapunculus ) is a species from the large genus of bellflowers ( Campanula ).
description
The Rapunzel bellflower is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows to a height of 30 to 100 cm . The stems are angular and slightly hairy or glabrous. The leaves of the rosette are inverted ovate and toothed. The 1.5 to 2.5 cm long, stalked flowers sit in a narrow, grape-like panicle with upright small branches, the light purple flower bells are cut to a third.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.
Locations and distribution
The species grows on semi-arid lawns, on paths and bushes edges and on meadows. It prefers more or less dry, nutrient-rich, loamy soils. It is a species of the Origanetalia order, but also occurs in societies of the Mesobromion or Arrhenatherion associations.
The Rapunzel bellflower occurs from southern Europe to Scandinavia. They are also found in northwest Africa, Siberia and northwest Asia. It is a sub-Mediterranean floral element.
In Germany it is quite common in the western, central and southwestern areas. In the north, east and also south of the Danube it is either very rare or completely absent. While the species is widespread in Switzerland, it is very rarely found in Austria in Burgenland and is considered to be critically endangered.
Systematics
One can distinguish the following subspecies:
- Campanula rapunculus subsp. lambertiana (A.DC.) Rech.f .: It occurs from southern Bulgaria to western Asia.
- Campanula rapunculus subsp. rapunculus : It occurs in Europe and the Mediterranean area.
use
The root of the Rapunzel bellflower is fleshy and thickened and can be prepared as tasty root vegetables such as real celery ( Apium graveolens ) or beetroot . Raw root slices and leaves make a salad. In the Middle Ages , the plants were collected and cultivated in the garden. In Alsace and Switzerland , the species was still grown between 1906 and 1929. Similar to the lamb's lettuce ( Valerianella locusta ), the rosette leaves were also harvested in winter. According to this, the plant is a typical cultural relic in the wild.
Common names
For the Rapunzel bellflower, there are or existed, in some cases only regionally, the other German-language trivial names : Fürwitzlein ( Alsace , Saxony ), Rapünzel ( Mark Brandenburg ), Rapünzelin, Rapünzle ( Bern ), Rapünzlein ( Zurich ), Rapunzel and Rübenrapunzel .
photos
Habitus
Details of the inflorescence
Foliage leaves
literature
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- August Binz , Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Schwabe & Co. AG, Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
- Christian August Friedrich Garcke : Illustrated flora. Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin and Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
Individual evidence
Most of the information in this article has been taken from the sources given under literature; the following sources are also cited:
- ↑ Entry on the species on FloraWeb
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 895 .
- ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Campanula - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on April 6, 2016.
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 75. ( online ).
Web links
- Campanula rapunculus L., Rapunzel bellflower. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Rapunzel Bellflower . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Primula integrifolia L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved April 6, 2016.
- Thomas Meyer: Bellflower data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )