Tuberous flat pea

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Tuberous flat pea
Tuberous pea (Lathyrus tuberosus)

Tuberous pea ( Lathyrus tuberosus )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Fabeae
Genre : Vetchlings ( Lythyrus )
Type : Tuberous flat pea
Scientific name
Lathyrus tuberosus
L.

The Lathyrus tuberosus ( Lathyrus tuberosus ), also Knollige pea or peanut pea called, is a species of the genus pea ( Lathyrus ) in the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). The German common name of this useful plant is derived from the nodules that this plant species forms on the roots.

description

Tuberous pea ( Lathyrus tuberosus )

Vegetative characteristics

The tuber pea grows as a perennial herbaceous plant . The prostrate to climbing stems are 30 to 100 centimeters long. The alternate leaves are pinnate. The lower single pair leaflets are oblong-oval, the terminal leaflets are as split into several branches winding entwine transformed. The stipules are arrow-shaped or semi-arrow-shaped.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to July. In a one-sided racemose inflorescence there are three to eight flowers. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a length of about 20 mm and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five bright pink-violet petals stand together in the typical shape of the butterfly flower . With the shuttle turned to the left, the flower looks very asymmetrical .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

ecology

The tuber pea is a mesomorphic hemicryptophyte . Their germination is hypogean; the upper part of the radicle and the hypocotyl thicken into a first tuber ; from the leaf axils of the cotyledons and the lower leaves of the decrepit primary axis sprout up to 60 cm long, thin soil runners ; these branch out further and form roots that swell into tubers, especially at the nodes; After three to four years, the tubers reach their full size; they are then the size of a hazelnut. The plant has roots up to 70 cm deep. It spreads vegetatively through the runners and especially through their bulbs at the branches.

The flowers are visited by bees of the genera Eucera , Megachile , Osmia , Trachusa and by butterflies .

Occurrence and endangerment

Original distribution area of ​​the bulbous flat pea is in Europe to West Asia . In North America it is a neophyte .

The tuber pea grows on the edges of fields and roads on cohesive soils . It grows on warm summer, moderately dry, nutrient-rich and alkaline, sandy or pure loam and clay soils. It prefers calcareous soils , but is not limited to them. According to Ellenberg , the tuberous flat pea is a characteristic of the plant community : Soil-mild cereal weed fields (Secalietalia). According to Erich Oberdorfer , it is the territorial character species of the Papaveri-Melandrietum noctiflorae (Caucalidion Association) in Central Europe .

In some northern German federal states, Lathyrus tuberosus is on the red list of endangered plant species.

Illustrations

  • Square stem (cross section)

  • Lathyrus tuberosus - MHNT

  • Stipules

  • blossom

  • Stamen and style cut straight at the front

  • Edible tuber (cut open)

  • illustration

ingredients

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The tubers contain up to 12% protein, 20% starch and 5% sugar.

use

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

In the past, the tuber pea was cultivated in the field, today it can only be found as a food plant in the gardens of lovers of old crops.

The nodules are cooked like potatoes or enjoyed roasted like chestnuts . In many cases they are also used as a coffee surrogate or as pig feed . They are also said to have been processed into cooking oil. It is also stated that perfume was extracted from the flower in the 16th century .

In the last few years the tuber pea has often been added to seed mixtures for initial greening. As a legume , it contributes to soil improvement (nitrogen input), the magnificent flowers also act as a splash of color in the landscape.

The herbaceous plants , which are covered with rose-red butterfly blossoms , are still found as wild herbs on fields today and are reminiscent of their earlier use. The tuberous flat pea sometimes penetrates into grain fields and is considered a " weed " there.

history

"Xpian root" - Lathyrus tuberosus . Hieronymus Bock 1546

Hieronymus Brunschwig was the first to describe the tuberous flat pea as "xpian wurtzel" ("Christian root") in the small distilling book. Brunschwig recommended that the root in the late summer (August 15-September 8) to harvest and crushed to distill . He gave lung diseases and hoarseness as indications for the distillate thus obtained. Hermann Fischer saw in Brunschwig's remarks a proof that the "cristiana" of the Hildegard manuscripts should be interpreted as bulbous flat pea. Later authors interpreted Hildegard's "cristiana" as a Helleborus niger .

In 1539 Hieronymus Bock described the bulbous flat pea in his book of herbs in the appendix to the section on "legumes" . He called them "peanuts", "field nuts", "sewbrot", "earth figs" and "earth nuts". Bock judged the usefulness of the tubers: "The little nuts ſeind the pig artzney / like the eyelids ... have the type above and are only used for purge."

Common names

In the German-speaking world, a number of trivial names refer to the earlier use, such as peanut, pig nut, broad bean, earth chestnut, ground pear, coffee beans (resin).

See also

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Lathyrus tuberosus L., Tuberous flat pea. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , p. 618.
  3. ↑ Schuster, Walter H .: Carbohydrates in seeds of cereals and pseudograins as well as in tubers, roots and whole plants of various species . Giessener Electronic Library, 2005, OCLC 179743533 .
  4. ↑ Rauh, Werner .: Our weeds . Carl Winter, 1967, OCLC 26754679 .
  5. ↑ Hanelt, Peter., Büttner, R. (Rolf), 1932-, Mansfeld, Rudolf., Institute for Plant Genetics and Cultivated Plant Research Gatersleben, Germany .: Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals) . 1st English ed.Springer, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-540-41017-1 .
  6. ↑ Late treatments for weed control in grain cultivation. Retrieved January 26, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Hieronymus Brunschwig . Small distilling book . Strasbourg 1500, sheet 122r (digitized version )
  8. ↑ Hermann Fischer. Medieval botany. Munich 1929, pp. 112, 273.
  9. ^ Marie-Louise Portmann: Healing forces of nature - Physica. Freiburg 1991, p. 63 (Physica I / 28)
  10. ↑ Barbara Fehringer: The "Speyr Herb Book" with Hildegard von Bingen's medicinal plants. Würzburg 1994, p. 100
  11. ↑ Hieronymus Bock . New Kreütter book. Strasbourg 1539, Book II, Cap. 18 (digitized version)
  12. ↑ Leonhart Fuchs . New Kreütterbuch. Strasbourg 1543, Cap. 46 (digitized version)

literature

Web links

Commons : Tuberous pea ( Lathyrus tuberosus )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files