Meadow chervil

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Meadow chervil
Meadow Chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris)

Meadow Chervil ( Anthriscus sylvestris )

Systematics
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Tribe : Scandiceae
Sub tribus : Scandicinae
Genre : Chervil ( Anthriscus )
Type : Meadow chervil
Scientific name
Anthriscus sylvestris
( L. ) Hoffm.

The meadow chervil ( Anthriscus sylvestris ) is a species of the genus Chervil ( Anthriscus ) within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). It is the earliest flowering species among the Central European umbelliferae.

Other names

For the meadow chervil, the names Bange ( Glarus ), Bäumlikraut (Glarus), Buchholder ( Württemberg ), Buggla ( St. Gallen ), Bushmoren, Cherbel (St. Gallen Toggenburg ), Chrabella are or were, sometimes only regionally ( Bern ), Emtstengel ( Appenzell ), donkey baskets, donkey peter, Feine Scherre ( Memmingen ), Hartkopf ( Eifel near Nuremberg ), Hartkopp (Eifel near Nuremberg), Heustengel (Appenzell), Hingstwäid ( East Friesland ), cumin ( Brandenburg ), wild Ibarach (St. Gallen), calves Kerner, Kalberkropf ( Prussia ), calves tube ( Schleswig-Holstein ), calves scissors , calves shit ( Vogt country ) Kalbarkrop ( Mecklenburg ) Kalverkropp ( Altmark , Pomerania ), Kelber core ( resin ), chervil core Kirbel (Bern, Luzern ), Kirbelstengel (Bern, Luzern), Kocker ( Butjaden ), wilder Körffel, Korbelkom, Krabellen (Luzern), Krebellen (Bern), Kreblikraut (Bern), Kruud (East Friesland), Kuhpeterlein ( Silesia ), Ledepipenkrud, Ledespypenkrut, Ladder liqueur ( Bern), Paguda (St. Gallen, p argans ), horse cumin (Eifel), Piffenkrut, Pigudabengel (St. Gallen near Sargans), Pipencrud, junk feathers ( Waadt , Wallis ), horse cumin (St. Gallen, Upper Rhine Valley , Obertoggenburg ), Schärläch (Glarus), Scharnpiepen (Oldenburg), Scharpenpiepen ( Elsfleth ), scissors, hemlock (Eifel near Daun ), tiger liqueur (Glarus), Tschickan (Graubünden), water herb ( Werfen ), wind rose, wolf root and goat (Glarus) common.

description

illustration
Habitus
Foliage: the lower leaflets are smaller than the rest of the blade
Partial inflorescence shortly after the end of flowering
Fruit with a short beak under the cushion of the stylus
The base of the fruit has very short bristle hairs

Vegetative characteristics

The meadow chervil is a perennial or biennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 60 to 150 centimeters. The stem is hollow and furrowed.

The two to three pinnate leaves are 15 to 30 centimeters long and have a triangular outline. The leaflets are ovate and pinnately split.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from April to July. If you look at the inflorescence, you can see that many branches branch off from a first branch point (characteristic of an umbel ). Bracts would be called bracts , which are missing here. Further up, branches start from a point again, hence the name double umbel . This smaller group of flowers, called "Döldchen", has fringed envelopes on the edge (carrier leaves of the Döldchen). The petals are notched and white, one calyx is missing. The fruit has a stylus cushion that is about half as wide as the stylus above it . If you look at the flower, you can see the stylus cushion as a cream-white structure in the middle. The petals started directly below the stylus pad. This means that the ovary is inferior. In the ripe fruit, between the ovary and the stylus cushion, you can see a 1.5 mm long section, which is called the "beak".

The fissure fruits are double achenae that disintegrate into two parts.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Meadow chervil along a path

ecology

The meadow chervil is a semi -rosette plant with a root beet.

On heavily fertilized meadows, the meadow chervil often shapes the appearance in spring together with the common buttercup ( Ranunculus acris ). The species is particularly encouraged by spreading liquid manure.

From an ecological point of view, it is “ nectar- bearing disc flowers” ​​of the Heracleum type. In the assembled umbels there are not only hermaphrodite but also male flowers; the plant is therefore andromonocial. There are flower visitors of all kinds, but especially beetles .

It mainly spreads randomly by ungulates d. H. the fruits are ingested with the feed and returned to the meadow with the manure. In addition, it is spreading as a drying spreader; a spread of up to 1 meter is achieved. Fruit ripening is from July to September.

Occurrence

The meadow chervil is common and widespread in Central Europe . It occurs from the valleys to the tree line in the Alps . As a nitrogen pointer, it grows in sunny to partially shaded locations in fresh, nutrient-rich to over-fertilized meadows as well as on the edges of forests and bushes and in tall herbaceous areas . In Central Europe it is a species of the Arrhenatheretalia order, but also occurs in societies of the Glechometalia order or the Arction association.

Systematics

It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Chaerophyllum sylvestre Carl von Linné The new combination to Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. was published in 1814 by Franz Georg Hoffmann .

There are several subspecies depending on the author:

  • Alpine meadow chervil ( Anthriscus sylvestris subsp. Alpinus (Vill.) Gremli , Syn .: Chaerophyllum alpinum Vill. ): It occurs in Germany and France.
  • Anthriscus sylvestris subsp. fumarioides (Waldst. & Kit.) Spalik (Syn .: Anthriscus fumarioides (Waldst. & Kit.) Spreng. , Scandix fumarioides Waldst. & Kit. ): It occurs in Austria, Slovenia and on the Balkan Peninsula.
  • Anthriscus sylvestris subsp. nemorosus (M.Bieb.) Koso-Pol. : It is common in Eastern, Central and Southern Europe and Asia.
  • Schmalzipfliger cow parsley ( Anthriscus sylvestris subsp. Stenophyllus (Rouy & EGCamus) Briq. , Syn .: Anthriscus stenophyllus Rouy & Camus , Anthriscus sylvestris var. Torquatus W.DJKoch , Anthriscus torquatus Thomas nom. Inval., Chaerefolium sylvestre var. Stenophyllum ( Rouy & Camus) Thell. ): It occurs in Germany and Switzerland.
  • Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. subsp. sylvestris (Syn .: Anthriscus mollis Boiss. & Reut. ): It is widespread in Eurasia and Africa.

toxicology

When touched, the meadow chervil can cause phototoxic reactions on the skin. The main active ingredients for these skin irritations are: bergapten , xanthotoxin and apterin .

Agriculture

The plant is not valued by farmers . The field parsley only provides a little nutritious feed when it is young and not in bloom. In the hay it is worthless because of its hard stalks. Due to its strong growth, it is also able to displace meadow plants that are more valuable for farmers.

Use as food

The meadow chervil has a slightly more bitter taste than the real chervil , with a slight aroma of carrots . It is used to season salads , quark , wild herb soups . Young leaves were also used to cook wild vegetables in the past .

It should be noted, however, that there is a risk of confusion with the very poisonous spotted hemlock and the stunning hedge calf's crop .

literature

  • Gertrud Scherf: Meadow flowers: the nature guide with a difference. Munich: BLV 2004, ISBN 3-405-16909-7 .
  • Walter Dietl: Meadow and Alpine Plants: Recognize by the leaves, enjoy the flowers. Leopoldsdorf near Vienna: Österreichischer Agrarverlag 2003, ISBN 3-7040-1994-1 .
  • Margot Spohn, Marianne Golte-Bechtle: What is blooming there? Encyclopedia, Kosmosverlag, 2005
  • Lutz Roth, Max Daunderer and Kurt Kormann: Poisonous plants plant poisons . 4th edition. Nikol Verlag, Hamburg 2006

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm., Wiesen-Kerbel. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Anthriscus sylvestris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  3. ↑ Data sheet from Flora Oberfranken Online .
  4. ^ Meyer's Lexicon
  5. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 32 f., Online.
  6. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  702 .
  7. ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  8. ↑ a b c d Ralf Hand, 2011: Apiaceae. : Datasheet Anthriscus sylvestris In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.

Web links

Commons : Meadow Chervil ( Anthriscus sylvestris )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files