Globular devil's claw

Globular devil's claw
	Ball devil's claw ( Phyteuma orbiculare )
Systematics
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Bellflower family (Campanulaceae)
Subfamily :	Campanuloideae
Genre :	Devil's Claws ( Phyteuma )
Type :	Globular devil's claw
Scientific name
	Phyteuma orbiculare
	L.

The spherical devil's claw ( Phyteuma orbiculare ) is a species of plant that belongs to the genus of devil's claws ( Phyteuma ) in the bellflower family (Campanulaceae).

description

Illustration from Choix de plantes de l'Europe centrale et particulièrement de la Suisse et de la Savoie , plate 107

inflorescence

Vegetative characteristics

The spherical devil's claw is a herbaceous plant that reaches heights of up to 50 centimeters. The basal leaves , arranged in a rosette, are petiolate and their ovate to lanceolate leaf blade is widest in or below the center. The upper stalk leaves are eilanzettlich to linear.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to July. The head-shaped inflorescences have a diameter of 1.5 to 3 centimeters and usually contain 15 to 30 flowers. The outer bracts are ovate and usually two to four times as long as wide. The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

Habitus in the habitat

Occurrence

The spherical devil's claw is in Europe in the Baltic States , in the Ukraine , in the former Yugoslavia , in the former Czechoslovakia , in Switzerland , in Austria , Germany , Spain , France , Italy , Albania , Greece , southern England (South Downs) , Belgium , Hungary , Poland , Romania and Belarus .

This lime-loving plant is often found on grasslands , flat moor meadows and pine forests in Europe from the Pyrenees to the Balkans . The spherical devil's claw can be found up to an altitude of 2400 meters. In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria, it rises to the Hochgundspitze near the Rappensee up to an altitude of 2450 meters. In Austria it occurs frequently in all federal states. It occurs in societies of the order Seslerietalia albicantis and also in those of the Mesobromion or Molinion associations.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Phyteuma orbiculare was in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Synonyms for Phyteuma orbiculare L. are: Rapunculus orbicularis (L.) Mill. , Rapunculus sylvestris Tragi ex Bubani , Phyteuma cordifolium Vill. , Phyteuma ellipticifolium Vill. , Phyteuma lanceolatum Vill. , Phyteuma inaequatum Kit. ex Schult. , Phyteuma brevifolium Schleich. , Phyteuma fistulosum Rchb. , Phyteuma angustatum turner. , Phyteuma corsicum Sieber ex Rochel nom. inval., Phyteuma bovelinii Hegetschw. , Phyteuma hispidum Hegetschw. , Phyteuma longifolium Hegetschw. , Phyteuma michelii Hegetschw. nom. illeg., Phyteuma pseudorbiculare Pant. , Phyteuma ellipticifolium var. Pauciflorum Hegetschw. , Phyteuma pilosum Hegetschw. nom. superfl., Phyteuma austriacum Beck , Phyteuma obtusifolium Freyn , Phyteuma hispanicum Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma tenerum Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma delphinense (Rich.Schulz) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. , Phyteuma montanum (Rich.Schulz) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. nom. illeg., Phyteuma pancicii Rohlena , Phyteuma sallei Sennen & Elias , Phyteuma scorzonerifolium var. eynense Sennen , Phyteuma eynense (Sennen) Sennen , Phyteuma orbiculare var. ellipticum Pers. , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Lanceolatum (Vill.) Pers. , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Comosum Steud. , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Camerarii Wallr. , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Bracteosum Wimm. & Dig. , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Columnae A.DC. , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Cordifolium (Vill.) Klett & Richt. , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Decipiens (Gaudin) A.DC. , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Giganteum A.DC. nom. illeg., Phyteuma orbiculare var. brevifolium (Schleich.) Steud. nom. superfl., Phyteuma orbiculare var. fistulosum (Rchb.) Steud. , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Cordatum Gren. & Godr. nom. superfl., Phyteuma orbiculare var. alpinum Schur , Phyteuma orbiculare var. cordatum Pancic nom. illeg., Phyteuma orbiculare var. ellipticifolium (Vill.) Nyman nom. superfl., Phyteuma orbiculare var. inaequatum (Kit. ex Schult.) Nyman , Phyteuma orbiculare var. pseudorbiculare (Pantan.) Nyman , Phyteuma orbiculare var. angustifolium St.-Lag. , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Carpaticum Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Exinvolucratum Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Hungaricum Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Liguricum Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma orbiculare var. Patens Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma orbiculare var. suffultum Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma orbiculare var. vulgare Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma orbiculare var. montanum (Rich.Schulz) Hayek & Hegi , Phyteuma orbiculare var. pratense (Rich.Schulz) Hayek & Hegi , Phyteuma orbiculare var. ciliata Gajic , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. cinerascens Gaudin , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. cordatum Gaudin , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. decipiens Gaudin , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. ellipticum (Pers.) Gaudin , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. lancifolium Gaudin , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. fistulosum (Rchb.) Nyman , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. ellipticifolium (Vill.) Arcang. nom. superfl., Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. lanceolatum (Vill.) Arcang. , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. austriacum (Beck) Nyman , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. delphinense Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. depauperatum Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. flexuosum Rich.Schulz nom. illeg., Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. montanum Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. anglicum (Rich.Schulz) P.Fourn. , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. ibericum (Rich.Schulz) P.Fourn. , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. tenerum (Rich.Schulz) P.Fourn. , Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. pratense Rich.Schulz . No subtaxa are accepted.

use

The spherical devil's claw was sometimes used as a wild vegetable .

literature

Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (= Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 897 .
↑ ^a ^b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Last accessed April 12, 2016.
↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 560.

Web links

Commons : Globular Devil's Claw ( Phyteuma orbiculare ) - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Phyteuma orbiculare L. sl, ball devil's claw. In: FloraWeb.de.
Globular devil's claw . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Phyteuma orbiculare L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Thomas Meyer: Teufelskralle data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[Oberdorfer2001-1] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 897 .

[WCSP-2] Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Last accessed April 12, 2016.

[Dörr-Lippert-3] Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 560.