Oat root

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Oat root
Oat root (Tragopogon porrifolius)

Oat root ( Tragopogon porrifolius )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Genre : Goat beards ( tragopogon )
Type : Oat root
Scientific name
Tragopogon porrifolius
L.

The oat root ( Tragopogon porrifolius ), also called purple goat's whiskers , Habermark or oyster plant, is a species of the goose whiskers genus ( Tragopogon ) within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The useful plant oat root originally comes from the Mediterranean region , where it has been used as a vegetable since ancient times .

description

Subterranean plant parts
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Infructescence with pappus

Vegetative characteristics

The oat root is a herbaceous plant that is one to two years old and reaches heights of 60 to 120 centimeters. The stems are mostly unbranched and the leaves are narrow (porrifolius = leek-leaved). It forms tap roots up to 30 centimeters long and contains milky sap. As with other tragopogon species, the oat root is subject to a circadian rhythm , daily movements, the flowers open in it in the morning and close around noon.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is in June and July. The stems usually have several flower heads . The wicker handles are too thick towards the basket. The bracts rise above the ray florets usually. The ray florets are cloudy purple to purple lilac.

The fruits are achenes ; including beak 40 to 55 millimeters long. They form a pappus .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.

Occurrence

The wild oat root is Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. eriosperm native to the Mediterranean. In Central Europe the cultivated form Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. porrifolius and is very rarely found wild (Burgenland, Zürcher Unterland, Vienna, Upper Austria). The wild form is native to Eastern Mediterranean societies of the Alopecurion utriculati association from the order Arrhenatheretalia.

Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. eriosperm
Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. longirostris

Systematics

The first publication of Tragopogon porrifolius was done by Carl von Linné .

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. cupanii (DC.) I.Richardson : The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12. It occurs in Italy , Sicily and Malta .
  • Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. eriospermus (Ten.) Greuter (Syn .: Tragopogon sinuatus auct. non Avé-Lall. , Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. australis auct. non (Jord.) Nyman ): It is native to Corsica, Sicily, Malta, Italy, Croatia, Bosnia -Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Greece, Crete, the Aegean Sea, Bulgaria and European and Asian Turkey.
  • Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. macrocephalus Batt. : It occurs in Morocco and Algeria .
  • Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. longirostris (Sch. Bip.) Greuter (Syn .: Tragopogon longirostris Sch Bip.. , Tragopogon krascheninnikovii S.A.Nikitin , Tragopogon coelesyriacus Boiss. ): It comes in Greece , in the Aegean , on Crete , in Cyprus and Turkey and in West Asia in front.
  • Tragopogon porrifolius L. subsp. porrifolius

use

The oat root is mainly used as a root vegetable , but the leaves can also be prepared as a salad or spinach . The sweet-tasting, milk-based “root”, the taste of which is said to be reminiscent of oysters , is very nutritious, as an Alemannic saying goes: “Habermark makes d 'Bube strong”. The tap roots are harvested in the autumn of the first year, peeled and then steamed, fried or deep-fried. They can also be rented over the winter .

history

Albertus Magnus , who first mentioned the oat root in the 13th century, identified it with the biblical rose of Sharon . The oat root has been grown in Central Europe since the 16th century . Over time, however, it was from the similar-tasting salsify almost completely displaced.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  981 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Tragopogon porrifolius In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  3. ^ Oat root at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ↑ a b Wolf-Dieter Storl, Paul Silas Pfyl: Known and forgotten vegetables . Piper, Munich 2006, pp. 245f. ISBN 978-3-492-24727-6
  5. ↑ Die Haferwurzel on Was-wir-essen.de ( Memento of the original dated December 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.was-wir-essen.de
  6. ↑ Carl Jessen and Ernst Heinrich Meyer . Alberti Magni ex Ordine Praedicatorum. De vegetabilibus libri VII: historiae naturalis pars XVIII. Reimer, Berlin 1867. Digitized version of the Bavarian State Library . Book VI / 404 (p. 546f): ( Tragopogon porrifolius Lin.) Oculus porci est flos, qui flos campi vocatur, crescens in altis locis siccis iuxta vias, habens radicem delectabilem, propter quod comeditur, et a porcis in pastum effoditur; et habet stipitem parum altum, in cuius supremo est flos rutilans ipse multum, et exsiccatus retinet eundem colorem. Folia autem habet parva et stricta, et profert florem in theca valde fusca. Est autem calidus et siccus temperate.

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

Web links

Commons : Haferwurzel ( Tragopogon porrifolius )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files