Windows runtime

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Windows runtime
Basic data

Maintainer Microsoft Corporation
developer Microsoft Corporation
Current  version See Windows and Microsoft Windows Phone
operating system Windows 8
Windows 10
Windows RT
Windows Phone from 8.1
Windows 10 Mobile
programming language C ++
category Runtime environment
License EULA / proprietary
German speaking Yes
msdn.microsoft.com/windows/apps

The Windows Runtime (abbreviation: "WinRT") is the runtime environment for Windows app in Windows 8 , Windows 10 and Windows RT . Since Windows Phone 8.1 it can also be used to program Windows Phone apps, which makes it possible to program applications that work on PCs, tablets and smartphones . It is based on an improved version of the Component Object Model and enables software developers to use the combination of HTML , CSS and JavaScript or XAML and one of the programming languages Visual Basic .NET , C # or C ++ , and with extended functionality also any technology on a server as a backend , Apps programs to create that only through the Windows Store by Microsoft licensed and can be sold.

architecture

Integration in Windows

Technically, the Windows Runtime is not a new subsystem of Windows, but is an alternative API within the Win32 subsystem.

WinRT and Win32 APIs in Windows 10 / Windows 8 and Windows RT
"Modern UI" application Desktop application Web application, web service
HTML5 , CSS , SVG , JavaScript (with WinJS) XAML , DirectX HTML5, CSS, SVG, JavaScript XAML XAML, Windows Forms, DirectX, GDI + ASP.NET , ADO.NET
Chakra engine .NET (WinRT / CLI ), C ++ / CX Runtime Chakra engine Silverlight .NET ( CLR / CLI ), C ++ Runtime (CRT) Internet Information Server (IIS), Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL)
WinRT API
Windows Metadata & Namespace User Interface
Tiles, Input, Controls, Accessibility, Data Binding, Printing, ...
Media
Playback, Capture, Visual Effects, PlayTo, ... 		Devices
geolocation , portable APIs, sensors, NFC , ... 		Communication and Data
Networking, Web, Contracts, Notifications, XML , Streams, Background Transfer, SMS , Local and Cloud Storage, ...
Windows RT Core
Applications Services / Application Model, Authentication, Memory Management, Globalization, Threading and Timers, Cryptography, ...
Win32 API
Component Object Model (COM) Graphics Device Interface + (GDI +) Devices and Printing
Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) DirectX File System
Windows Kernel
Win32 Subsystem , WOW64 (x64 only)

Integration in Windows Phone

Nothing is currently known about the exact structure in Windows Phone, as Microsoft has not documented the detailed architecture of the operating system.

programming

There are various projections (modern typifications ) of the runtime for development based on Windows Runtime:

  1. C ++ / CX (native C ++ with language extensions)
  2. C # , Visual Basic .NET ( executed with the common language runtime , provides wrapper classes)
  3. JavaScript , whereby the Windows Runtime is controlled via the WinJS namespace.

User interfaces are labeled declaratively. In the case of JavaScript , this markup is based on HTML5 , while the other projections rely on XAML , which is rendered directly by the Windows Runtime without using WPF or Silverlight . Technologies such as DirectX are also available.

The Windows Runtime provides 1,600 classes only a subset of the already in .NET existing 12,000 classes. If the unavailable classes from the framework are required, the app must be split between a client and a server, with the business logic of the app being executed on a Windows server . A server with the backend of the app can also be installed and run on the local PC . Method calls are increasingly made asynchronously . New language elements are available for the C # programming language, while Windows Runtime integrates appropriate design patterns and templates for other projections .

In addition, the Windows Runtime introduces a new security concept: Previous Windows applications are usually executed with the rights of the respective user; in this case one speaks of full trust. In contrast, Windows Runtime apps are executed with minimal access rights, the so-called base trust. This should be achieved through logically separate containers for each application, so access to security-relevant parts of the Windows API is only possible indirectly through representatives (so-called brokers).

compatibility

Operating systems

Windows Runtime is currently supported by Windows from version 8 and Windows RT and Windows Phone from version 8.1. Microsoft sees these as an integral part of the operating system that is rebuilt with each build . While most applications for Windows Vista and Windows 7 can also run on Windows 8, according to Microsoft the Windows Runtime will not be available for these operating systems.

See also

literature

  • Jeffrey Richter, Maarten van de Bospoort: Windows Runtime via C # , Microsoft Press 2013, ISBN 978-0-7356-7927-6

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Build: With Windows RT, Microsoft is returning to COM
  2. ↑ Computer base: Windows 8: Metro apps only via Windows Store
  3. ↑ http://tirania.org/blog/archive/2011/Sep-15.html
  4. ↑ http://www.zdnet.com/blog/microsoft/heres-the-one-microsoft-windows-8-slide-that-everyone-wants-to-redo/10736
  5. ↑ http://tirania.org/blog/archive/2011/Sep-15.html
  6. ↑ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/br211380.aspx
  7. ↑ http://blogs.msdn.com/b/nativeconcurrency/archive/2011/09/22/windows-8-asynchrony-with-ppl.aspx
  8. ↑ https://www.heise.de/developer/artikel/Windows-8-Apps-benoetigen-neue-Windows-Runtime-1344071.html?artikelseite=3
  9. ↑ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/hh464912
  10. ↑ Windows 8 Backwards compatibility