Vestibule (architecture)
A vestibule is a small room behind the outer door of a building , which is separated from the rooms behind by another inner door. Since both doors are never open at the same time when entering or leaving the building, a draft or penetration of air turbulence as well as the direct penetration of cold air (or noise) into the main room is largely prevented.
The need for a vestibule when planning or converting a building results from the prevailing climate , in particular the mean outside temperature and the mean wind strength . While single-family houses in southern Germany are usually designed without a vestibule, and the hallway is entered directly from the outside, a vestibule is common for buildings on the North Sea coast and in the north German flatlands. The frequency with which a door is opened also influences the need for a vestibule. Cafés, restaurants and other publicly accessible shops with a high number of visitors are often designed with a porch. This limits heat loss and keeps street noise away from the interior.
The vestibule is usually in front of the main structure of the building and covered with a small canopy, but it can also be built into the main structure . In this case, the existing walls and the ceiling of a hallway are usually used for the vestibule, in large rooms, e.g. B. Churches , however, the vestibule is designed as an independent, box-like construction. While the outer door of the vestibule is built as a simultaneous main door of the building for security and representation reasons, the inner door is usually made lighter, e.g. B. made of glass to let daylight through. Even with a subsequent installation in a historical building, a more inconspicuous and light appearance of the inner box or the inner door is usually preferred, be it through the choice of narrow profiles or the use of glass. In cafés and restaurants, the inner door of the porch is sometimes replaced by a heavy velvet curtain to avoid closing noises.
The revolving door is another way to catch the wind.
See also
literature
- Devices to hold off the train at heavily used entrances . In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung . Vol. XXVIII, No. 22 (March 18, 1908), urn : nbn: de: kobv: 109-opus-41552 , pp. 157–159.
Web links
- List of publications on the topic of vestibules at the Fraunhofer Information Center for Space and Building (IRB), Stuttgart
Individual evidence
- ^ R. Klink, H. Walter et al.: The German city. , ISBN 3-86656-543-7 , p. 466.