Angled retaining wall
An angled retaining wall (also angled retaining wall commonly used but not technically correct ) is a structure for supporting and securing terrain jumps that - mostly due to lack of space - cannot be secured with an embankment .
Angular retaining walls are made of reinforced concrete . The retaining wall is usually poured into formwork on the construction site . A smaller variant are L-stones , which are used as precast concrete parts , especially in gardening and landscaping .
Structure and load-bearing behavior
The simplest design of an angled retaining wall is shown in the graphic on the right. The structure consists of a foundation slab below (also called the foundation spur) and the actual wall, which is usually vertical on the air side. The earth side is often slightly inclined (≈ 6: 1 to 12: 1) so that the wall thickness increases towards the base.
To meet special requirements, the design z. B. can be changed by attaching additional, small "spurs" on the earth side of the wall. High loads can e.g. B. can also be better removed by stiffening ribs between the wall and the ground-side foundation spur.
All parts of an angled retaining wall are made of reinforced concrete and are rigidly connected to one another. In contrast to a heavyweight wall, an angled retaining wall is characterized by its lower weight . Since less concrete is required, the material costs also decrease. When supporting a jump in terrain or an embankment, the structure still looks like a heavyweight wall due to the soil that weighs on the foundation spur. The relatively large contact area of the foundation spur is also advantageous, as a result of which angle retaining walls can also be erected on less load-bearing ground . The disadvantage is the relatively large construction pit and the associated large excavation that arises when the foundation spur is being built.
As early as 1925 Emil Mörsch reported on his model investigations of angular retaining walls with the help of photography and his graphic determination of the earth pressure based on William John Macquorn Rankine .
The static verifications of the angled retaining wall include:
- The internal load-bearing capacity of the construction, i.e. the choice of component thickness and the concrete quality as well as the dimensioning of the reinforcement .
- The external load-bearing capacity, i.e. the proof of the soil pressures in the contact joint , the tipping safety and the sliding safety . To increase the sliding safety, the lower contact surface is often designed to be inclined, sloping backwards, if necessary.
Web links
- Angled retaining wall in google book search
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Konrad Simmer: Construction pits and foundations: with 38 calculation examples, Vieweg + Teubner, 1999, ISBN 978-3-519-35232-7 , p. 378.
- ↑ Achim Hettler and Karl-Eugen Kurrer : Earth pressure . Ernst & Sohn , Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-433-03274-9 , pp. 86f