Winter calyx mushroom
| Winter calyx mushroom | ||||||||||||
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Winter calyx mushroom ( Urnula hiemalis ) in Finland |
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| Urnula hiemalis | ||||||||||||
| Nannf. |
The Winter Goblet fungus ( Urnula hiemalis ) is a rare fungal art from the family of the gelatinous sphere relatives (Sarcosomataceae).
features
Macroscopic features
The winter calyx mushroom forms bowl-shaped to funnel-shaped fruiting bodies 2 to 6 cm wide. It is usually sessile or has a short, root-like stem. The fine felted outside is colored brown to black-brown, the hymenium black and velvety. The meat is 1 mm thick and white.
Microscopic features
The very long, 8-spore tubes are cylindrical, narrowed at the base and are (507–) 549 (–586) micrometers long and (11–) 12 (–13) μm wide. The elliptical, colorless and smooth-walled spores are 20–30 × 10–15 µm in size. They ripen very slowly or do not ripen at all. The also colorless paraphyses are thread-shaped, club-shaped at the tip and branched. They are filled with dark content.
Species delimitation
The similar and somewhat more common black calyx mushroom ( Urnula craterium ) has a distinct stem and larger spores. Its fruiting bodies develop rapidly and sporulate accordingly.
ecology
The winter calyx grows on pastures and also on the ground in the deciduous forest. Little is known about its ecology. Other representatives of the genus grow both saprobionic and parasitic . The winter calyx mushroom often grows immediately after the snow has melted in mild winters and spring. Abundant snow seems to favor growth.
Spread and endangerment
The winter calyx mushroom seems to have an arctic distribution. So far it has been described mainly from Scandinavia and is very rare in Central Europe. An initial verification was only provided from Estonia in 2011. But it has also been described from Alaska. The winter calyx fungus has not been adequately researched, but has been classified as harmless in Norway and Finland. Inclusion on the European Red List was proposed.
Systematics
The winter calyx was first described by John Axel Nannfeldt in 1949. It is considered a sister species of the black calyx mushroom ( Urnula craterium ).
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Svengunnar Ryman, Ingmar Holmåsen: Mushrooms . Bernhard Thalacker, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 978-3-87815-043-5 , p. 633 (718 pages).
- ↑ a b c d e f g Irma Zettur, Bellis Kullman: Urnula hiemalis - a rare and interesting species of the Pezizales from Estonia . In: Folia Cryptog. Estonica . tape 48 , ISSN 1736-7786 , p. 149–152 ( PDF; 396 KB ).
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. Retrieved February 17, 2012 .