Seuna dynasty

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At the height of their power (around 1200), the Seuna dynasty (also Sevuna or Yadava ; Marathi: देवगिरीचे यादव; Kannada: ಸೇವುಣರು) ruled over large areas in western and central India from their capital Devagiri , later Daulatabad .

In the map 'Asia around 1200' the name Yadavas , which was used earlier, still appears

designation

In the past, the Seuna dynasty was known under the name 'Yadava', which they themselves often used because they derived their descent from this mythical dynasty. In the inscriptions of their neighbors, however, they regularly appear under the name 'Seuna', which has meanwhile established itself in research.

Dominion

The rulership of the Seuna comprised large parts of today's Indian states of Maharashtra , Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh around 1200 . Her neighbors, with whom there were more frequent conflicts, were the Hoysala in the south, the Solanki in the northwest and the Paramara in the north; Little is known about armed conflicts with their eastern neighbors ( Chandellas , Kalachuris and Kakatiyas ).

history

Origins

There is ample speculation about the origins of the Seuna - they saw themselves as descendants of the largely mythical Chandravamsha ('lunar dynasty') of the Yadavas. Some researchers see their origin in northern India ( Mathura ), from where they moved south to Dvaraka in today's Gujarat ; others see them as local clans who gradually rose to become the first great power in what is now Maharashtra. Another group of researchers is of the opinion that they originally came from southern India, mainly because of the consistency of some of the ruler's names. H. from today's Karnataka, where over 500 Seuna inscriptions have been preserved.

Vassals

The dynasty founder is Dridhaprahara, who lived in the first half of the 9th century; The dynasty is probably named after his son Seunachandra (ruled approx. 850–874). From around 850 to 1190, however, the Seuna were vassals of the Rashtrakutas and the western Chalukyas , but they were able to free themselves from their supremacy under Bhillama V (r. He seems to have been the founder of the new capital Devagiri (Daulatabad).

Heyday

His grandson Singhana II (ruled 1200–1247) is considered the most important ruler of the Seuna. He enlarged the territory at the expense of his neighbors; at the same time he is considered a sponsor of science and art. According to an inscription, his grandson Ramachandra (reigned 1271-1309 or 1311) defeated an army of Turkish invaders. Hemadri (or Hemadpant), his minister, was a great promoter of the building of Hindu temples (cf. Shri Gondeshwar temple in Sinnar ), whose peculiar architectural style is named after him; in addition, he reformed the Marathi script and gave new impetus to agriculture.

The End

In 1294, however, an army of the later Sultan of Delhi , Ala ud-Din Khalji , conquered the city of Devagiri and made the Seuna tributary. Since they did not meet their obligations, Ala ud-Din Khalji again sent a huge army in 1307 under the leadership of Malik Kafur , which was able to take the capital with almost no resistance, captured Ramachandra and kidnapped it to Delhi. This achieved his release under the promise to help the Sultan in his plans to conquer South India. His successor Singhana III. (r. 1311) challenged the Sultan again and Malik Kafur took the capital Devagiri again; Singhana III. was killed in the fighting. In 1317 the empire of the Seuna (or Yadavas) was incorporated into the Sultanate of Delhi.

Ruler of the Seuna / Yadava dynasty

Vassals of the Rashtrakutas and Chalukyas

Stone tablet (1235) of the Seuna in the Kaitabhesvara Temple in Kubatur , Karnataka
Stone tablet (1286) of the Seuna in the Kedareshwar Temple in Balligavi , Karnataka
  • Dridhaprahara
  • Seunachandra (850-874)
  • Dhadiyappa (874-900)
  • Bhillama I (900-925)
  • Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950-974)
  • Dhadiyappa II (974-975)
  • Bhillama II (975-1005)
  • Vesugi I (1005-1020)
  • Bhillama III. (1020-1055)
  • Vesugi II (1055-1068)
  • Bhillama III. (1068)
  • Seunachandra II (1068-1085)
  • Airamadeva (1085-1115)
  • Singhana I. (1115-1145)
  • Mallugi I (1145-1150)
  • Amaragangeyya (1150-1160)
  • Govindaraja (1160)
  • Amara Mallugi II. (1160-1165)
  • Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)

Independent empire

  • Bhillama V (1173-1192)
  • Jaitugi I (1192-1200)
  • Singhana II (1200-1247)
  • Kannara (1247-1261)
  • Mahadeva (1261-1271)
  • Amana (1271)
  • Ramachandra (1271-1311)

Tribute status under the Khilji Dynasty

  • Singhana III. (Shankaradeva) (1311)
  • Harapaladeva (1311-1317)

literature

  • Shrinivas Ritti: The Seunas - the Yadavas of Devagiri. Dept. of Ancient Indian History and Epigraphy, Karnatak University, Dharwar 1973
  • George Michell: Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates. Cambridge University Press 1999, ISBN 0-521-56321-6 .
  • A. Murthy, V. Narasimha: The Sevunas of Devagiri. Rao and Raghavan 1971

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The article is essentially based on the English WP article Seuna dynasty