Tsarans

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Zaranen (from Wallachian zara , German  land ), also Birniken , referred to free arable farmers in the Bessarabian class order at the time of belonging to Russia in the 19th century , who paid the Bir - a poll tax - and lived on the yields of their land. In the estate order they were the penultimate step before the Brelaschen , that is, “court servants” such as maids or servants, or day laborers .

Individual evidence

  • Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Annals of geography, ethnology and national studies. Volume 12, Grass, Barth & Company, 1841, p. 324 → online
  • August Franz von Haxthausen , Wilhelm Kosegarten : Studies on the internal conditions: the people's life and in particular the rural institutions of Russia. In the Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung, 1847, pp. 464–465 → online
  • Hermann Faltin : The Russian status law. A translation of the ninth volume of the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. GA Reyher, Mitau 1846. Fifth Division, Eighth Division. P.210 → online