Zanata
The Zanata (also Zenata , Zeneta , Zanata , Zenete , Iznaten , Zentralatlas-Tamazight ⵉⵣⵏⴰⵜⵏ Iznaten , Arabic زناتة) were next to the Masmuda and Ṣanhāǧa one of the great tribal groups of the Berbers in the Maghreb .
history
Already in pre-Islamic times, the Zanata immigrated from southern Tunisia to western Morocco . a. into the tribes of Magrawa , Miknasa and Banu Ifran . Some of these tribes submitted to the Muslims early in the 7th century, while other tribes such as the Jarawa under al-Kahina successfully offered resistance for a long time.
In the 8th century, most of the Zanāta- Berbers - like the Bargawata - became followers of the Kharijites and took part in the revolts against Arab rule (see: Uprising of Maysara ). Under Abu Yazid , the last Kharijite uprising took place in the 10th century, but it was suppressed by the Fatimids .
During the 10th century, the Zanāta tribes were predominantly allied with the Caliphate of Cordoba , which fought with the Fatimids for supremacy in Morocco . In doing so, however, they were pushed to Morocco by the Ṣanhāǧa bers who were allied with the Fatimids .
It was not until the 13th century that Zanāta tribes regained political power with the Abdalwadids in western Algeria and the Merinids in Morocco . The last time they ruled Morocco was under the Wattasids in the 15th century. The Arabization of the tribes also took place during this period.
Others
The special riding technique of the Berbers led to the fact that the tribal name of the Zanāta was borrowed from Castilian (and as a special vocabulary from Spanish Middle Latin ) , where the word jinete today denotes the rider or jockey .
literature
- Stephan Ronart, Nandy Ronart: Lexicon of the Arab World. A historical-political reference work. Artemis Verlag, Zurich u. a. 1972, ISBN 3-7608-0138-2 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Further Maciric spellings ⵉⵣⵏⴰⴽⵏ, ⵉⵣⵏⴰⴽⵔⵏ, ⵉⵣⵏⴰⵅⵏ, ⵉⵣⵏⴰⵢⵏ, ⵉⴼⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⵏⴰⵜⵏ, ⵉⴵⵏⴰⵜⵏ, ⵉⵜⵓⵣⵉⵏⴰⵜⵏ , Iznaken, Iznakren, Iznaxen, Iznayen, Ifnayen Igzenaten, Iǧenaten, Ituzinaten or ⵉⵣⵏⴰⵙⵙⵏ Iznassen
- ↑ In Alfonso de Cartagena's treatise Super altercatione praeminentia sedium inter oratores Regum Castella et Anglia in Concilio Basiliense , written on the occasion of a dispute at the Council of Basel between the English and Castilian delegations, it says: “Habet eciam ginetarios , qui armis arabicis utentes mirabili velocitate hostes insequuntur. "
- ↑ entry. In: Diccionario de la Real Academia Española