Oryol Central Prison

Oryol Central Prison (around 1920)

The following important information is missing from this article or section:

History especially in the Tsarist Empire and after 1945; Architecture, expansion over time; Statistics: number and structure of prisoners etc .; Today's use (according to the ru article, probably primarily as a remand prison)

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The Oryol Prison is a prison in the central Russian city of Oryol .

history

In tsarist Russia

It was built in 1840, is one of the oldest buildings in the city and was one of the largest prisons in Tsarist Russia .

In the Soviet Union

In 1941 the prison was used as an isolation prison for at least 5,000 political prisoners. On September 11, 1941, on Joseph Stalin's orders, 157 prisoners , among them Olga Kamenewa , the widow of Lev Kamenew and sister of Leon Trotsky , Marija Spiridonowa and Erich Birkenhauer , were taken by NKVD special units in the Medvedev forest near Oryol on September 11, 1941 before the withdrawal of the Red Army killed.

Under German occupation

A week later the city was occupied by the German Wehrmacht and the prison was converted into a concentration camp (from October 1941 to June 1943).

After the Second World War

After the Second World War , the prison was used as a prisoner of war camp after it was retaken by the Red Army . The conditions for the prisoners remained inhuman. So was z. As the interned there General of the Armored Corps Dietrich von Saucken due to its intransigence by investigators of the Soviet Ministry of State Security so badly beaten that he was confined to a wheelchair later.

Known prisoners

• Maria Spiridonova
• Fritz Noether
• Varvara Yakovleva
• Dietrich von Saucken (as a Soviet prisoner of war)
• Michael Kitzelmann (during the German occupation)
• Christian Rakowski (1941)
• Olga Kamenewa (1941)
• Jan Kwapiński
• Felix Dzerzhinsky (1915-16)
• BP Schadanowski (1912-14)
• Grigori Kotowski (1910)
• AA Litkens (1908-09)
• GI Matiashvili (1915-16)
• Gavriil Myasnikov (1914-1917)

literature

• Гернет, Михаил Николаевич, История царской тюрьмы, 3 изд., Т. 15, М., 1960-63 г.
• Дворянов В. Н., В сибирской дальней стороне (Очерки истории царской каторги и ссылки, 60-е годы XVIII в. - 1917 г.), 1971
• Максимов С. В., Сибирь и каторга, 2 изд., Ч. 1-3, СПБ, 1891 г.

Web links

Commons : Oryol Prison  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Andreas Hilger : "Tod Den Spionen!": Death sentences of Soviet courts in the Soviet Zone / GDR and in the Soviet Union until 1953, Edition 51 of Reports and Studies, Hannah Arendt Institute for Totalitarian Research eV at the TU Dresden, 2006, ISBN 3899712862 , Pages 58-59 online

Coordinates: 52 ° 58 ′ 45.5 ″  N , 36 ° 3 ′ 55.2 ″  E