Fritz Noether

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Fritz Noether

Fritz Alexander Ernst Noether (born October 7, 1884 in Erlangen , † September 10, 1941 in Orjol , Soviet Union ) was a German mathematician .

Life

Fritz Noether's father Max Noether was a mathematician and professor in Erlangen . The eminent mathematician Emmy Noether was his older sister.

Noether studied physics and mathematics in Erlangen and Munich from 1904. 1909 doctorate he with with summa cum laude rated dissertation About rolling motion of a ball on surfaces of revolution . The last volume of the four-volume work On the Theory of the Top by Felix Klein and Arnold Sommerfeld , which deals with the technical applications of the top theory, is strongly influenced by Noether.

In 1911 he completed his habilitation at the Technical University of Karlsruhe with the thesis on the area of ​​validity of the Stokes resistance formula . After working as a private lecturer , he was appointed associate professor in 1918. From 1922 to 1933 he held the chair for higher mathematics and mechanics at the Technical University in Breslau . One of his students during this time was Helmut Heinrich , who received his doctorate in Breslau in 1933.

After Noether was retired as a Jew in 1933 after the Nazis came to power (see Professional Civil Servants Act ), he emigrated to the Soviet Union , where he received a professorship at the Institute for Mathematics and Mechanics at the University in Tomsk, Siberia . During the Great Terror , Fritz Noether was arrested by the NKVD secret service in his apartment in Tomsk and sentenced to 25 years in prison for alleged espionage for Germany. Albert Einstein campaigned in vain for the mathematician in a letter of April 28, 1938 to the Soviet Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov . Only when the secret archives were opened under Mikhail Gorbachev did it become known that Noether had been sentenced to death in the summer of 1941, i.e. after Germany's attack on the Soviet Union , for alleged anti-Soviet propaganda and had been shot in Oryol on September 10, 1941.

Noether was rehabilitated by the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union in 1988.

plant

The most important scientific achievements of Fritz Noether are in the field of functional analysis . He is considered to be the inventor of the Fredholm operators named after the Swedish mathematician Ivar Fredholm . In Russian literature these are mostly referred to as Noetherian operators .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Andrei Parastaev, Letter to the Editor, Journal of Integral Equations and Operator Theory, Volume 13, Issue 3, Birkhauser Basel, March 1990, pp 303-305, doi : 10.1007 / BF01193762 .
personal data
SURNAME Noether, Fritz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Noether, Fritz Alexander Ernst (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mathematician
DATE OF BIRTH October 7, 1884
PLACE OF BIRTH gain
DATE OF DEATH September 10, 1941
Place of death Oryol , Soviet Union