Zettabyte era

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The Zettabyte era (including the age of the zettabyte , . English Zettabyte Era , also Zettabyte zone ) is a period in the history of computer science and humanity that has begun depending on the precise definition in two different years: One is that the annual global Internet traffic exceeds one zettabyte , which was the case for the first time in 2016. Another definition is that the totality of all digital data on earth exceeds one zettabyte, which, according to estimates, was the case for the first time in 2012. A zettabyte is a unit of measurement in digital technology and corresponds to 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10 21 ) bytes .

It has been estimated that there would be more than 40 zettabytes of digital data on Earth worldwide by 2020.

The IDC predicts that the amount of data generated each year will grow to 103 zettabytes by 2023 and 175 zettabytes by 2025. She also estimates that between 2018 and 2025 a total of 22 zettabytes of digital storage will be delivered for all types of storage media, with almost 59 percent of this capacity being provided by the hard drive industry.

The zettabyte era can also be understood as an age of general growth in the forms of digital data that exist in the world, including the public Internet , but also all other forms of stored data such as video data from surveillance cameras or audio data from telephone calls.

The zettabyte era could in the long run create difficulties for data centers to keep pace with the rapid growth of data consumption, data creation and replication.

The Zettabyte Era: Trends and Analysis

In 2016, Cisco Systems announced in a report called The Zettabyte Era: Trends and Analysis that the zettabyte era was now a reality when globally estimated IP traffic reached 1.2 zettabytes. Cisco also made future predictions about global IP traffic in its report. This report uses current and past global IP traffic statistics to predict future trends. The report predicts trends between 2016 and 2021. The following are some of the 2021 projections from the report:

  • Worldwide IP traffic will triple and is estimated at 3.3 zettabytes per year.
  • In 2016, all video traffic (e.g., Netflix and YouTube ) represented 73 percent of all IP traffic worldwide. In 2021 this will increase to 82 percent of the total traffic.
  • The number of devices connected to IP networks will be more than three times the world's population.
  • The time it takes a person to view all of the video files traversing global IP networks in a month is 5 million years.
  • The personal computer - (PC) traffic is suspended from the smartphone traffic. PC traffic will account for 25 percent of all IP traffic by 2021, while smartphone traffic will account for 33 percent.
  • The average global broadband speed will double.

Factors

Below is an idea of ​​some of the factors that led to the zettabyte era.

Video streaming

In the last few years there has been a large and steadily growing consumption of multimedia , especially video streaming on the Internet, which made a significant contribution to the beginning of the zettabyte era. In 2011, an estimated 25 to 40 percent of all IP traffic was consumed by video streaming services.

Since then, video IP traffic has nearly doubled to an estimated 73 percent of all IP traffic. Additionally, Cisco predicted this trend will continue into the future, and estimates that 82 percent of all IP traffic will come from video by 2021.

Increasing wireless and mobile traffic

The use of mobile technologies to access IP networks resulted in an increase in all IP traffic in the zettabyte era. In 2016, most of the devices that moved IP traffic and other data streams were hardwired devices. Since then, wireless and mobile traffic has increased and is expected to continue to grow rapidly.

It is estimated that smartphone traffic will overtake PC traffic by 2021: by then, PCs are forecast to account for 25 percent of total traffic, compared to 46 percent in 2016, while smartphone traffic is expected to rise from 13 to 33 percent will increase.

Increasing knowledge

Another potential factor that could have led to the zettabyte era is the fact that the doubling time of all human knowledge has continuously decreased dramatically in recent years. The trend to outsource one's knowledge to the Internet means that more and more information is available to mankind in an ever shorter period of time. The American scientist Richard Buckminster Fuller estimated in his book Critical Path , published in 1982 , that the knowledge of mankind had doubled about every 100 years until about 1900. In 1945 the doubling time was estimated to be 25 years and in 1982 only 12 to 13 months. IBM estimated that by 2020 all human knowledge will double every 12 hours. According to other sources, human knowledge doubled every 50 years with the increase in information from 1950, every seven years with that of 1980 and every four years with that of 2010.

Along with this, however, the half-life of knowledge , i.e. the time it takes for knowledge to become obsolete, irrelevant or prove to be incorrect , will presumably also be massively reduced.

Increased broadband speed

Broadband connects internet users to the internet. Therefore, the speed of the broadband connection is directly related to the IP traffic. The higher the broadband speed, the greater the likelihood that more traffic can traverse IP networks. Cisco estimates that broadband speeds are expected to nearly double by 2021 compared to 2016. In 2016, the world's average broadband connection reached speeds of up to 27.5 Mbit / s and is expected to reach 53 Mbit / s by 2021.

Nevertheless, the doubling times of the entire Internet data traffic in the early years of the Internet were significantly shorter compared to today due to the faster growing percentage of Internet users: While this doubled about every 100 days in the early 1990s, the doubling time was 2001 only about a year. In 2009 the doubling time was only 5.32 years.

Internet of things

The Internet of Things (short IdD , Eng. Internet of Things , in short IoT ) is the link clearly identifiable physical objects with a virtual representation in a web-like structure. Functions implemented with technologies of the “Internet of Things” allow interaction between humans and any electronic systems networked via this, as well as between the systems themselves. The IoT made a significant contribution to the beginning of the zettabyte era.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

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  2. ↑ a b c Doug Bonderud: Zipping Past the Zettabyte Era: What's Next for the Internet? October 14, 2019, accessed July 5, 2020 (American English).
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  4. ↑ a b c d e https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cloud-Sea-Computing-Systems%3A-Towards-Thousand-Fold-Xu/bb30df04aca03f775059d4738c06e09e9c09fba9
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  6. ↑ Western Digital: The Zettabyte Era is Coming - Are you Ready? January 21, 2020, accessed on July 5, 2020 .
  7. ↑ a b Tom Coughlin: 175 Zettabytes By 2025. In: Forbes. November 27, 2018, accessed on May 11, 2020 .
  8. ↑ https://www.emc.com/collateral/analyst-reports/idc-the-digital-universe-in-2020.pdf
  9. ↑ DataAge 2025 - The Digitization of the World | Seagate US. Retrieved May 11, 2020 (American English).
  10. ↑ The zettabyte era is here. Is your datacenter ready? Arista, accessed May 11, 2020 .
  11. ^ The Zettabyte Era: Trends and Analysis. In: cisco.com. Cisco Systems, accessed May 11, 2020 .
  12. ↑ http://conferences.sigcomm.org/co-next/2011/papers/1569470149.pdf
  13. ↑ Cisco Annual Internet Report - Cisco Annual Internet Report (2018-2023) White Paper. Retrieved May 10, 2020 (English).
  14. ↑ a b c The changing workplace. In: Modern Workplace Learning 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2020 (UK English).
  15. ↑ a b marc-rosenberg: Marc My Words: The Coming Knowledge Tsunami. October 10, 2017, accessed June 10, 2020 .
  16. ↑ Bavarian State Medical Association: Regulated Knowledge Transfer in Medicine. April 5, 2017, accessed June 10, 2020 (German).
  17. ↑ Entrekin, Lanny, 1940- author .: Human resource management and change: a practicing manager's guide . ISBN 978-0-203-68401-6 ( worldcat.org [accessed June 10, 2020]).
  18. ↑ ›doc› int ... PDF Internet growth: Is there a “Moore's Law” for data traffic? - Digital Technology Center
  19. ^ Internet Growth Follows Moore's Law Too. Retrieved June 10, 2020 .
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