Circulating free DNA

Circulating free DNA (engl. Circulating free DNA , cfDNA ) indicates DNA that outside cells in the blood circulation occurs.

properties

DNA occurs in low concentrations in the bloodstream as a breakdown residue of cells. In some diseases, the DNA concentration is increased, e.g. B. in different types of cancer . cfDNA is therefore used in Liquid Biopsy as a biomarker for diagnostics. In contrast to the commonly used biopsy of tissue , cfDNA can be obtained by taking a blood sample , which makes this method less invasive . If certain mutations are found during DNA sequencing of the cfDNA , this is an indication of certain types of cancer. The concentration of mutated DNA is examined to monitor the progress . Furthermore, different combinations of mutations can occur in different areas of a tumor, which can be overlooked in a tissue biopsy.

cfDNA can also be examined in the course of a prenatal diagnosis . Furthermore, cfDNA is also being investigated in transplants and autoimmune diseases .

Detection of cfDNA
principle	method
PCR based	Nested qPCR
	ARMS / Scorpion PCR
	PCR - SSCP
	Mutant allele specific PCR
	Mass spectrometry
	Bi-PAP-A amplification
Digital PCR	BEAMing
	Droplet-based digital PCR
	Microfluidic digital PCR
Targeted deep sequencing	SafeSeq
	TamSeq
	Ion-AmpliSeq
	CAPP Seq
	OnTarget
Genome sequencing	Digital karyotyping
Genome sequencing	PARE

Individual evidence

^ S. Gravina, JM Sedivy, J. Vijg: The dark side of circulating nucleic acids. In: Aging cell. Volume 15, Number 3, June 2016, pp. 398-399, doi : 10.1111 / acel.12454 , PMID 26910468 , PMC 4854914 (free full text).
^ G. Francis, S. Stein: Circulating Cell-Free Tumor DNA in the Management of Cancer. In: International journal of molecular sciences. Volume 16, number 6, 2015, pp. 14122–14142, doi : 10.3390 / ijms160614122 , PMID 26101870 , PMC 4490543 (free full text).
↑ ^a ^b L. L. Chan, P. Jiang: Bioinformatics analysis of circulating cell-free DNA sequencing data. In: Clinical biochemistry. Volume 48, Number 15, October 2015, pp. 962-975, doi : 10.1016 / j.clinbiochem.2015.04.022 , PMID 25966961 .
↑ C. Alix-Panabières, K. Pantel: Clinical Applications of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA as Liquid Biopsy. In: Cancer discovery. Volume 6, Number 5, May 2016, pp. 479-491, doi : 10.1158 / 2159-8290.CD-15-1483 , PMID 26969689 .
↑ S. Rapisuwon, EE Vietsch A. Well Stone: Circulating biomarkers to monitor cancer progression and treatment. In: Computational and structural biotechnology journal. Volume 14, 2016, pp. 211-222, doi : 10.1016 / j.csbj.2016.05.004 , PMID 27358717 , PMC 4913179 (free full text).
↑ K. Wou, JL Feinberg, RJ Wapner, JL Simpson: Cell-free DNA versus intact fetal cells for prenatal genetic diagnostics: what does the future hold? In: Expert review of molecular diagnostics. Volume 15, Number 8, 2015, pp. 989-998, doi : 10.1586 / 14737159.2015.1051529 , PMID 26027684 .
↑ P. Jiang, YM Lo: The Long and Short of Circulating Cell-Free DNA and the Ins and Outs of Molecular Diagnostics. In: Trends in genetics: TIG. Volume 32, number 6, June 2016, pp. 360–371, doi : 10.1016 / j.tig.2016.03.009 , PMID 27129983 .
Jump up ↑ Zhen Qin, Vladimir A. Ljubimov, Cuiqi Zhou, Yunguang Tong, Jimin Liang: Cell-free circulating tumor DNA in cancer . In: Chinese Journal of Cancer . 35, January 1, 2016, p. 36. doi : 10.1186 / s40880-016-0092-4 . PMID 27056366 . PMC 4823888 (free full text).

[1] S. Gravina, JM Sedivy, J. Vijg: The dark side of circulating nucleic acids. In: Aging cell. Volume 15, Number 3, June 2016, pp. 398-399, doi : 10.1111 / acel.12454 , PMID 26910468 , PMC 4854914 (free full text).

[2] G. Francis, S. Stein: Circulating Cell-Free Tumor DNA in the Management of Cancer. In: International journal of molecular sciences. Volume 16, number 6, 2015, pp. 14122–14142, doi : 10.3390 / ijms160614122 , PMID 26101870 , PMC 4490543 (free full text).

[Chan-3] L. L. Chan, P. Jiang: Bioinformatics analysis of circulating cell-free DNA sequencing data. In: Clinical biochemistry. Volume 48, Number 15, October 2015, pp. 962-975, doi : 10.1016 / j.clinbiochem.2015.04.022 , PMID 25966961 .

[4] C. Alix-Panabières, K. Pantel: Clinical Applications of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA as Liquid Biopsy. In: Cancer discovery. Volume 6, Number 5, May 2016, pp. 479-491, doi : 10.1158 / 2159-8290.CD-15-1483 , PMID 26969689 .

[5] S. Rapisuwon, EE Vietsch A. Well Stone: Circulating biomarkers to monitor cancer progression and treatment. In: Computational and structural biotechnology journal. Volume 14, 2016, pp. 211-222, doi : 10.1016 / j.csbj.2016.05.004 , PMID 27358717 , PMC 4913179 (free full text).

[6] K. Wou, JL Feinberg, RJ Wapner, JL Simpson: Cell-free DNA versus intact fetal cells for prenatal genetic diagnostics: what does the future hold? In: Expert review of molecular diagnostics. Volume 15, Number 8, 2015, pp. 989-998, doi : 10.1586 / 14737159.2015.1051529 , PMID 26027684 .

[7] P. Jiang, YM Lo: The Long and Short of Circulating Cell-Free DNA and the Ins and Outs of Molecular Diagnostics. In: Trends in genetics: TIG. Volume 32, number 6, June 2016, pp. 360–371, doi : 10.1016 / j.tig.2016.03.009 , PMID 27129983 .

[8] Jump up ↑ Zhen Qin, Vladimir A. Ljubimov, Cuiqi Zhou, Yunguang Tong, Jimin Liang: Cell-free circulating tumor DNA in cancer . In: Chinese Journal of Cancer . 35, January 1, 2016, p. 36. doi : 10.1186 / s40880-016-0092-4 . PMID 27056366 . PMC 4823888 (free full text).