Eichelsheim Castle
| Eichelsheim Castle | ||
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 Eichelsheim Castle after an old engraving, around 1600 |
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| Alternative name (s): | Zollburg Eichelsheim, Veste Mannheim | |
| Creation time : | 1353 | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Mannheim-Lindenhof | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 28 '26 " N , 8 ° 27' 54.1" E | |
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The castle Eichelsheim even Veste Mannheim , had the function of a toll castle and was located in what is now the Mannheim district Lindenhof near the Stephanie shores on the Rhine .
history
The Eichelsheim fortification was first mentioned as a customs post in 1265 and was still a single tower at that time. The name should be traced back to the dense oak forest that once grew there. This point was suitable for subjecting ships on the Rhine to customs and at the same time keeping the fairway free and clean.
The construction of the actual castle began in 1353. In the following years the facility was permanently enlarged; it was also the mint of the “Mannheimer Pfennig”, a silver coin from the Electoral Palatinate.
From the summer of 1416 to January 1419, the Palatinate Elector Ludwig III. there in the imperial order the antipope John XXIII. captured. At that time, the castle had only one fixed tower in addition to the residential and administrative wing with a chapel , in which the Pope was imprisoned. During the three years of his imprisonment in Mannheim, he wrote poems, among other things, and in poetic notes he expressed his pain in relation to the transience of everything earthly. He later wrote about his time in Eichelsheim:
“ My accommodation was cramped, I slept with my limbs crooked, my bed was too short, and I had to wear dirty clothes. Nothing good has happened to me; I have to endure ridicule and various offenses. "
After the Battle of Seckenheim (1462), Bishop Georg von Metz is said to have been brought to Eichelsheim Castle and held prisoner in the same room as John XXIII.
In 1600 the complex was described with a moat , a reinforced gate and two associated gate towers ; in the core area there was a moated castle with four round towers .
During the Thirty Years' War , Tilly's troops, coming from Seckenheim , moved into two main positions near Mannheim on September 20, 1622 , in front of the Bellenwert on the Neckar and in front of the Zollburg Eichelsheim on the Rhine. The fortress commander Sir Horace Veer had the castle set on fire. On September 29th, they stormed Tilly's soldiers, put out the fire and repaired the damage. Swedish soldiers took Eichelsheim in 1632 and blew up the fortress in 1634; Reconstruction took place five years later. 1663 is recorded that "Eycholsheim demolished except for the watchtower". During the war of the Palatinate Succession , the complex was completely destroyed in 1688 when Mannheim was besieged . In 1736 the ruins were fortified again on the occasion of the War of the Polish Succession . In 1765 the bank protection wall collapsed due to a flood. Remains of the fortress still in existence are shown on plans from the 19th century.
The former castle grounds were acquired by Franz Geyer, who opened the “Rheinpark Restoration” there in 1887, and later “Rheinterrasse Stephanie” (1963 to 1973).
today
There are currently no visible remains of the castle complex. Eichelsheimer Straße has been named this way since the beginning of residential development in the Lindenhof district around 1900. On the banks of the Rhine in the immediate vicinity of the former location, a remnant of the wall and a memorial plaque built later reminds of the castle. Also on the Stephanienufer, a themed sign “The Zollburg Eichelsheim” was set up from the series of historical Lindenhof educational trails , listing the chronology in key words.
literature
- Wolf Engelen: Our Lindenhof . Mannheim 1996, ISBN 3-923003-75-7
- Rainer Kunze: On the building history of Eichelsheim Castle . In: Mannheimer Geschichtsblätter new episode 6/1999 . Ubstadt-Weiher 1999, ISBN 3-89735-129-3
Web links
- City of Mannheim: Lindenhof, Zollburg and Eichelsheim Palace. (PDF 845 KB) City Points, Mannheim history on site. October 1, 2014, accessed May 19, 2018 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Website on the Mannheimer Pfennig, with photo ( memento from September 10, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Rieger, JG Historisch-topographisch-statistic description of Mannheim (1824), pp. 9/10, available under Heidelberg historical holdings - digital , Heidelberg University Library.
- ↑ Mannheim city map from 1901 , Baden-Württemberg State Archives.