Auxiliary heater
At the top of the module:
high-voltage connection (orange),
low-voltage connection (black),
hose connections (outside)
An auxiliary heater is a device in modern motor vehicles that can additionally heat the interior or the engine and the transmission in the cold start phase of vehicles with internal combustion engines . In electric cars and hybrid electric vehicles , the heating energy for the interior must be made available by auxiliary heaters, since with an efficient electric drive no or only very little usable waste heat is generated.
Necessity for the internal combustion engine
The development of more efficient combustion engines leads to lower amounts of energy that are available for heating the passenger compartment . Especially with diesel cars , the initial heat deficit leads to a significantly longer heating phase. Diesel engines are more efficient than Otto engines , which means that there is so little usable waste heat that sufficient vehicle heating during operation on cold days is only possible with additional components - the auxiliary heater. Due to the stricter emission standards , the engine has to reach its optimal operating temperature as quickly as possible . Additional heaters are also used for this.
Types
Direct electrical PTC auxiliary heaters
Electric auxiliary heaters for the interior are installed as PTC heating elements directly in the supply air lines after the water heat exchanger, near the air vents. They immediately heat the cold air that flows into the vehicle when it starts cold and regulate themselves back when it is reached. They are suitable for de-icing windshields and are also used to control the temperature of the interior, in addition to cars and truck cabs. Activation and heating power are controlled by an electronic circuit and adapted to the output power of the alternator . The electrical energy required for operation is taken from the 12 volt or 24 volt starter battery or comes directly from the alternator. This has to provide the electrical energy with additional fuel consumption by the combustion engine. The vehicles must therefore have a particularly powerful electrical system. It is not possible to convert to a parking heater.
In the case of PTC auxiliary heaters in electric cars and hybrid vehicles, the energy can be taken from the traction battery . Due to the higher voltage compared to the starter batteries, lower currents and thus cables with a smaller cross-section and weight are possible with the same power. The temperature can also be controlled both during charging and when the vehicle is stationary. The heating can also be controlled via a smartphone app and the Internet.
Electric resistance heater
Electrical Motorzuheizer heat via heating resistors , similar to an immersion heater , the motor housing, the engine oil or the cooling water and thereby shorten the cold start phase and accelerate the heating up of the interior space. When driving, the energy is provided by the alternator, as with the PTC auxiliary heaters. An external power connection sometimes makes it possible to preheat while standing. This design in the cooling circuit, also known as “the Scandinavian way”, prevents parked vehicles from freezing or extremely cooling down in Nordic countries.
Fuel heater
Technically, a fuel auxiliary heater works like an auxiliary heater , but it only works when the engine or coolant pump is running. Injected fuel is burned in an additional combustion chamber and the drive unit or the cooling water is heated directly with the heated combustion gases. Some of these auxiliary heaters can be converted into a fully-fledged auxiliary heater with relatively little effort (e.g. an upgrade kit), depending on the vehicle type.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Automobil Produktion, February 8, 2013 Heating for Stromer - Webasto's high-voltage heater ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 1, 2015.
- ↑ ams, February 2, 2013: Which concept heats how well? , accessed December 28, 2014.
- ↑ a b BorgWarner, OEM brochure: Trend-setting: High-voltage PTC auxiliary heaters from BERU for electric and hybrid vehicles ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , PDF, accessed December 28, 2014.
- ↑ a b BorgWarner, brochure: Drive well with intelligent PTC auxiliary heaters from BorgWarner BERU Systems ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , PDF, accessed December 28, 2014.
- ↑ Beru, press release: BERU equips Ford Light Trucks for the US market with PTC auxiliary heaters ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 28, 2014.
- ↑ iTunes. App description: Tesla Model S , accessed December 28, 2014.
- ↑ memotec-vehicle technology: heater called December 28, 2014.
- ↑ Eberspächer, company website: A hot tip for diesel drivers , accessed December 28, 2014.
