Lockdown

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It is called an immigration ban (synonym: immigration stop ) when certain people or groups of people are prohibited from staying or living permanently in a certain area (e.g. a municipality). The law, ordinance or similar, with which a country or another regional authority codifies this barrier, is called an immigration barrier. The access ban can exist temporarily or indefinitely.

Examples

  • In China, the rural population is barred from moving to certain cities, for example due to a lack of work or housing as well as the tax self-sufficiency of various provinces.
  • The same was true in the Soviet Union , Czechoslovakia and until 1990, inter alia, in Poland, Romania and Hungary. Due to the mobility restrictions of the population, the governments controlled the allocation of jobs and the amount of social benefits. In addition, administrative centers with immigration bans were set up in the Soviet Union and still exist today in Russia ( closed city ).
  • After the Second World War, refugees from the former eastern German territories were banned from immigration in some major German cities . From April 1, 1946, Hamburg only accepted people who were needed for reconstruction; the regulation was repealed in 1950. Bremen imposed an immigration ban in July 1945.
  • From 1975 foreigners in the Federal Republic of Germany were banned from moving to areas with a high proportion of foreigners (at that time the upper limit was 12%). Affected districts were located in the cities of Cologne, Frankfurt / Main, West Berlin and Munich, among others. The reason for the restriction was the "interests of the Federal Republic", which were defined in the Foreigners Act of 1965. The aim of the law at that time was to avoid population clusters.

In Berlin, on January 1, 1975 such a ban on foreigners was issued for the districts of Kreuzberg (at that time about 30% foreigners), Wedding (18%) and Tiergarten (17%). Enforcement proved difficult, and the law was also politically controversial; it was suspended in 1980 at the latest.

  • The Schröder government sat in the eastward expansion of the EU a temporary barrier for the influx of people from the new Member States; This regulation, often called an immigration ban, was highly controversial and was in force from 2003 to 2014.
  • Paragraph 12a (residence regulation) of the Residence Code allows recognized refugees to be required to move to a certain municipality (positive residence requirement) if this is beneficial in the context of their integration, for example because integration facilities are available in the municipality. A recognized refugee can also be forbidden to choose his place of residence in a certain municipality (negative residence requirement).
In October 2017, the state of Lower Saxony imposed immigration restrictions for refugees in the city of Salzgitter (this is considered a precedent), and later also for the cities of Delmenhorst and Wilhelmshaven .
The city council of Freiberg (Saxony) decided in February 2018 not to accept any more refugees for four years. Lord Mayor Sven Krüger (SPD) said that in Freiberg "we have reached a level where we have to act before we become incapacitated!"
In March 2018, the Rhineland-Palatinate Ministry of the Interior imposed an immigration ban on Pirmasens .
The German Association of Towns and Municipalities recommends that the municipalities refuse to accept further refugees if necessary, i.e. - after carefully examining the situation on site - to impose a migration stop.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ International Asia Forum: International quarterly for Asian studies. Volume 32. Weltform Verlag, 2001, p. 174.
  2. ^ Anton Zottmann et al. a .: Concise dictionary of economics. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1980, p. 340.
  3. ↑ 70 years ago: Hamburg introduced a ban on immigration
  4. ↑ The World War II refugees were not welcome (based on: Uwe Weiher: Refugee situation and refugee policy , self-published by the Bremen State Archives ).
  5. ↑ Close the gates - the Turks are coming . In: The time . April 16, 1976, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed February 1, 2017]).
  6. ↑ (AuslG 1965, § 2 [1]): “Foreign nationals and stateless persons are not in a loyalty and legal relationship with their own rights and obligations to the country of residence. In relation to them, the state acts according to considerations of expediency that are oriented towards political goals. "
  7. ↑ Productive “parallel societies”. Migration and order in the (neoliberal) “city of diversity”. Productive “Parallel Societies”. Migration and Order in the (neoliberal) “City of Diversity” (PDF). Retrieved February 1, 2017 .
  8. ↑ Mbolo Yufanyi: History of Migration -. Retrieved February 1, 2017 .
  9. ^ Berliner Morgenpost - Berlin: Immigration ban. Retrieved February 1, 2017 .
  10. ^ Fritz Franz: “Overloaded Settlement Area” Berlin? In: Legal review . tape 1976 , no. 5 , January 1, 1976, ISSN  0022-6920 , doi : 10.1515 / juru.1976.1976.5.188 ( deepdyve.com [accessed February 1, 2017]).
  11. ^ Immigration ban for Eastern Europeans. Retrieved February 1, 2017 .
  12. ↑ European Court of Justice: judges restrict residence regulations for refugees. Der Tagesspiegel, March 1, 2016, accessed on May 3, 2016 .
  13. ^ Daniel Thym : Residence requirement for recognized refugees: Waiting for the ECJ. Legal Tribune Online, January 14, 2016, accessed May 3, 2016 .
  14. ↑ [1]
  15. ↑ www.gesetze-im-internet.de
  16. ↑ mdr.de February 9, 2018
  17. ↑ spiegel.de February 2, 2018
  18. ↑ FAZ.net
  19. ↑ spiegel.de March 25, 2018: Association of cities advises municipalities to stop refugees moving in if necessary