Twelve Messenger Day
The Twelve Messenger Day , also All Twelve Apostles Day , Latin divisio (XII) apostolorum (apostle division) is the commemoration day of the sending of the apostles in the church year . It is celebrated on July 15th .
history
The celebration of this feast of the apostles can only be found in the Western Church . An early evidence is the sequence Caeli enarrant gloriam , which Gottschalk von Aachen († after 1099 or 1107) is assigned. The sequence is evidence that the festival was celebrated during his tenure as provost at the Aachen Marienstift . Durandus von Mende mentioned it in his Rationale in the second half of the 13th century. In the late Middle Ages, the feast of Dimissio , Dispersio or Divisio Apostolorum was celebrated in many dioceses in Europe. The monk of Salzburgelucidated the sequence as us all twelve poten even announce .
At least since the Tridentine Reform , the festival was no longer represented in the Calendarium Romanum Generale . However, it was still celebrated by missionary orders at the beginning of the 20th century and remained in some dioceses until the calendar reform of Pope Pius X.
In the rural sector ( agriculture ) this became the day on which the reapers are sent out to collect the harvest .
Popular belief
In the late Middle Ages, so-called heavenly letters record statements of this kind:
"And whoever works on a twelve-power day is banned and cursed
and dz erdrich gets up and goes away."
"And whoever works on a Twelve Messenger Day is banned and cursed,
and the earth will open up and swallow him up."
literature
- Hermann Grotefend : Handbook of the historical chronology of the German Middle Ages and modern times. Hannover 1872, p. 85, sv Aposteltheilung
- John Hennig : To the beginning and end of the liturgical tradition of the Divisio apostolorum. In: Archiv für Liturgiewwissenschaft 12 (1970), pp. 302-311.
- Silke E. Mentjes: Investigations into the sequences of the Cologne mass liturgy using the example of the sequence “Caeli enarrant gloriam” by Gottschalk von Aachen. In: Albert Gerhards / Andreas Odenthal (ed.): Cologne liturgy and its history. Studies on interdisciplinary research into worship in the Archdiocese of Cologne (liturgical scientific sources and research 87), Münster 2000, pp. 273–290.
Web links
- Divisio Apostolorum: Chants related to the feast. In: Cantus Index. (English).
- Divisio apostolorum . Publications in the bibliographic database of the Regesta Imperii .
- Matthias Altmann: Forgotten or Abolished: Unknown Church Holidays. In: kathisch.de . 15th September 2019 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Frederick Holweck: Dispersion of the Apostles. In: Catholic Encyclopedia . Volume 5, 1909, accessed October 29, 2018 .
- ↑ Franz Viktor Spechtler (ed.): The spiritual songs of the monk of Salzburg (= QF NF 51). De Gruyter, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-11-001847-0 , p. 358ff
- ↑ Cf. the letter from heaven (Einbl. 470) printed after 1500 in the Memmingen printing works Albert Kunne and now lost, which is printed in: Ursula Rautenberg: Why single-sheet prints are printed on one side. On the connection between printing processes and media type. In: Volker Honemann et al. (Ed.): Single-sheet prints of the 15th and early 16th centuries: problems, perspectives, case studies. Niemeyer, Tübingen, 2000, ISBN 978-3-484-64012-2 , p. 133.