Zygmunt Klemensiewicz (physicist)
Zygmunt Aleksander Klemensiewicz (born April 24, 1886 in Krakow , † March 25, 1963 in Gliwice ) was a Polish physicist , physical chemist and mountaineer .
His parents were the history and geography teacher Robert Klemensiewicz and the writer Maria Josepha, b. from Reichmanów. In 1892 he moved with his family to Lemberg, where he graduated from college in 1904. From 1904 to 1908 he studied chemistry, physics and mathematics at the Faculty of Philosophy at Lviv University . In July 1908 he obtained his doctorate in philosophy based on his work on antimony chloride (III) as an ionizing and solvent , which he had started in the 7th semester. With a scholarship, he then visited Fritz Haber's institute in Karlsruhe, and investigated the electrical conductivity in gases. In 1906 Max Cremer (1865–1935) observed that, depending on the acidity of the inner or outer solution, there is a voltage across glass membranes like in a galvanic cell. Building on this, Haber and Klemensiewicz developed the glass electrode in 1909 , carried out acid / base titrations with it and published their results on January 28th. During this time, Søren Sørensen also established the pH value scale. However, at that time it was not yet possible to find a glass that only reacts to hydrogen ions. This was only developed in 1930 by Duncan McInnes and Malcolm Dole .
In 1912 he completed his habilitation at the University of Lemberg. In 1913 he received a grant from the Carnegie Foundation Curie to visit the Radium Institute in Paris, where he remained until the outbreak of World War I under Marie Curie worked. During the war he worked at the Pasteur Institute and in a factory.
From 1920 to 1940 he was a full professor of physics and electrical engineering at the Lemberg Polytechnic . From 1937 he was chairman of the faculty for physics, chemistry and mechanical engineering.
From 1940 to 1942 he was deported to Kazakhstan by the NKVD . Between 1944 and 1956 he was in Iran, Egypt and the United Kingdom. He then worked at the Silesian Technical University from 1956 .
He was married to Stefania geb. Wieniewski. As an avid skier and mountaineer, he published the first Polish textbook on mountaineering in 1913. He is buried in the Rakowicki cemetery .
literature
- Walter Jansen (Oldenburg) and Romuald Piosik (Gdańsk): On the history of the invention of the glass electrode by Fritz Haber and Zygmunt Klemensiewicz.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Centralny Ośrodek Turystyki Górskiej PTTK - Zygmunt Klemensiewicz , Polish
- ↑ Romuald Piosik, Renate Peper, Walter Jansen: 100 years glass electrode. The Centenary of the Glass Electrode . In: CHEMKON . 17, No. 1, January 27, 2010, pp. 19-24. doi : 10.1002 / ckon.201010107 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Klemensiewicz, Zygmunt |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Klemensiewicz, Zygmunt Aleksander (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish physicist, physical chemist and mountaineer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 24, 1886 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Krakow |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 25, 1963 |
| Place of death | Gliwice |